Date and Time handling in Python

vegaseat vegaseat is offline Offline Mar 6th, 2005, 3:14 pm |
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We take a look at the various functions of module time, counting seconds and milliseconds, measuring the time a simple for-loop takes, inspect a list of time data and ways to display it in a useful manner. An attempt is made to find the day of the week, given a date a few years old. Like, what day of the week was your friend born. Hope he or she isn't too old, there is a limit to everything in life!
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Python Syntax
  1. # handling date/time data
  2. # Python23 tested vegaseat 3/6/2005
  3.  
  4. import time
  5.  
  6. print "List the functions within module time:"
  7. for funk in dir(time):
  8. print funk
  9.  
  10. print time.time(), "seconds since 1/1/1970 00:00:00"
  11. print time.time()/(60*60*24), "days since 1/1/1970"
  12.  
  13. # time.clock() gives wallclock seconds, accuracy better than 1 ms
  14. # time.clock() is for windows, time.time() is more portable
  15. print "Using time.clock() = ", time.clock(), "seconds since first call to clock()"
  16. print "\nTiming a 1 million loop 'for loop' ..."
  17. start = time.clock()
  18. for x in range(1000000):
  19. y = x # do something
  20. end = time.clock()
  21. print "Time elapsed = ", end - start, "seconds"
  22.  
  23. # create a tuple of local time data
  24. timeHere = time.localtime()
  25. print "\nA tuple of local date/time data using time.localtime():"
  26. print "(year,month,day,hour,min,sec,weekday(Monday=0),yearday,dls-flag)"
  27. print timeHere
  28.  
  29. # extract a more readable date/time from the tuple
  30. # eg. Sat Mar 05 22:51:55 2005
  31. print "\nUsing time.asctime(time.localtime()):", time.asctime(time.localtime())
  32. # the same results
  33. print "\nUsing time.ctime(time.time()):", time.ctime(time.time())
  34. print "\nOr using time.ctime():", time.ctime()
  35.  
  36. print "\nUsing strftime():"
  37. print "Day and Date:", time.strftime("%a %m/%d/%y", time.localtime())
  38. print "Day, Date :", time.strftime("%A, %B %d, %Y", time.localtime())
  39. print "Time (12hr) :", time.strftime("%I:%M:%S %p", time.localtime())
  40. print "Time (24hr) :", time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
  41. print "DayMonthYear:",time.strftime("%d%b%Y", time.localtime())
  42.  
  43. print
  44.  
  45. print "Start a line with this date-time stamp and it will sort:",\
  46. time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
  47.  
  48. print
  49.  
  50. def getDayOfWeek(dateString):
  51. # day of week (Monday = 0) of a given month/day/year
  52. t1 = time.strptime(dateString,"%m/%d/%Y")
  53. # year in time_struct t1 can not go below 1970 (start of epoch)!
  54. t2 = time.mktime(t1)
  55. return(time.localtime(t2)[6])
  56.  
  57. Weekday = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday',
  58. 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday']
  59.  
  60. # sorry about the limitations, stay above 01/01/1970
  61. # more exactly 01/01/1970 at 0 UT (midnight Greenwich, England)
  62. print "11/12/1970 was a", Weekday[getDayOfWeek("11/12/1970")]
  63.  
  64. print
  65.  
  66. print "Calculate difference between two times (12 hour format) of a day:"
  67. time1 = raw_input("Enter first time (format 11:25:00AM or 03:15:30PM): ")
  68. # pick some plausible date
  69. timeString1 = "03/06/05 " + time1
  70. # create a time tuple from this time string format eg. 03/06/05 11:22:00AM
  71. timeTuple1 = time.strptime(timeString1, "%m/%d/%y %I:%M:%S%p")
  72.  
  73. #print timeTuple1 # test eg. (2005, 3, 6, 11, 22, 0, 5, 91, -1)
  74.  
  75. time2 = raw_input("Enter second time (format 11:25:00AM or 03:15:30PM): ")
  76. # use same date to stay in same day
  77. timeString2 = "03/06/05 " + time2
  78. timeTuple2 = time.strptime(timeString2, "%m/%d/%y %I:%M:%S%p")
  79.  
  80. # mktime() gives seconds since epoch 1/1/1970 00:00:00
  81. time_difference = time.mktime(timeTuple2) - time.mktime(timeTuple1)
  82. #print type(time_difference) # test <type 'float'>
  83. print "Time difference = %d seconds" % int(time_difference)
  84. print "Time difference = %0.1f minutes" % (time_difference/60.0)
  85. print "Time difference = %0.2f hours" % (time_difference/(60.0*60))
  86.  
  87. print
  88.  
  89. print "Wait one and a half seconds!"
  90. time.sleep(1.5)
  91. print "The end!"

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