Personally, I doubt that you can justify the time it will take to learn about data driven web sites for one site with 30 pages that may change only occasionally. But if you have to, or you're just into learning how like I always have been, then you should probably start by learning PHP and MySql; not because they are necessarily better than other things, but because they are very common and freely available. The server hosting your site must support what ever applications you decide to use, and these two are commonly supported but you must check.

You would install these products on the machine you use to develope your site so that you can make everything work, and then transfer the pages and data to the hosting web server.

SQL stands for Structured Query Language and is a standard used by a variety of SQL databases to define the way data is managed in the database. Ms Access is a desktop database and not really ever used for this sort of thing. Oracle is a brand of SQL database I think never supported on commercial web servers because of cost. For data needs this small, there are ways to read the information out of a text file, but if you're going this far you may as well learn MySql. Forget Excel, it's a spreadsheet, and it's never supported although it could technically be done. The data is always stored on the web server along with the site. This is the only place you can guarantee the server will be able to retrieve it. So, you probably would be looking at entering the data twice anyway, once into your local database and once into the site database, although you could automate the update. There are forums on this site that can help you learn both and you can learn to use Google searches on both. Enjoy, it can be a lot of fun learning these technologies and if you plan to do much with web sites, it's essential.