Pick up a UPS immediately

I am a home user and I run an APC 1000VA which retails at around 200 bucks at most stores.

Then see about attaining some data recovery software. If you're linux savvy, try Helix Linux which works on just about any filesystem and is free. If you're only a Windows person...try VirtualLab Data Recovery which retails at around 99 bucks.

Also, be weary about hooking up hardware that has been involved in the surge without visually checking it for scorch marks or burning of any kind (smell) because if it has been shorted in any way...you can blow a power supply or motherboard that you are using to recover with it. Just give it a good visual and if you are MultiMeter experienced...give it a continuity and voltage check. Good Luck!