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how many registers can i use in intel i7

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nuliknol nuliknol is offline Offline
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how many registers can i use in intel i7

 
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  #1
Jun 2nd, 2009
Hi,
how many 64 bit registers can I use inside intel i7 cpu for storage purposes to feed them later into XMM registers? I currently use XMM0-15, MM0-8, R8-15 only. I know i can use RAX,RBX,RCX, RDX and eight registers inside the FPU (ST0-ST8), but what others can I use? Can I use stack registers? Thanks in advance.

I attach my application code if needed.
Assembly Syntax (Toggle Plain Text) 
  1. ///////////////////////////////////////////
  2. pipe_line_math.h
  3. #include <stdio.h>
  4. #include <stdlib.h>
  5. #include <time.h>
  6.  
  7. void pipe_mult_ushort(ushort *data,ushort *rands)
  8. {
  9. __asm__ __volatile__(".intel_syntax noprefix\n\t"
  10. 		//// in this section we pull as much data as we can into the CPU 
  11. 		//// to minimize the DRAM delay and store it where we can
  12.  
  13.                 "movdqa xmm0,[edi]\n\t"         // load xmm0 & xmm1
  14.                 "movdqa xmm1,[esi]\n\t"
  15.  
  16.                 "movdqa xmm2,0x10[edi]\n\t"     // load xmm2 & xmm3
  17.                 "movdqa xmm3,0x10[esi]\n\t"
  18.  
  19.                 "movdqa xmm4,0x20[edi]\n\t"     // load xmm4 & xmm5
  20.                 "movdqa xmm5,0x20[esi]\n\t"
  21.  
  22.                 "movdqa xmm6,0x30[edi]\n\t"     // load xmm6 & xmm7
  23.                 "movdqa xmm7,0x30[esi]\n\t"
  24.  
  25.                 "movdqa xmm8,0x40[edi]\n\t"     // load xmm8 & xmm9
  26.                 "movdqa xmm9,0x40[esi]\n\t"
  27.  
  28.                 "movdqa xmm10,0x50[edi]\n\t"    // load xmm10 & xmm11
  29.                 "movdqa xmm11,0x50[esi]\n\t"
  30.  
  31.                 "movdqa xmm12,0x60[edi]\n\t"    // load xmm12 & xmm13
  32.                 "movdqa xmm13,0x60[esi]\n\t"
  33.  
  34.                 "movdqa xmm14,0x70[edi]\n\t"    // load xmm14 & xmm15
  35.                 "movdqa xmm15,0x70[esi]\n\t"
  36.  
  37. 		"movq mm0,0x80[edi]\n\t"	// load mmx0  
  38. 		"movq mm1,0x80[esi]\n\t"
  39. 		"movq mm2,0x88[edi]\n\t"
  40. 		"movq mm3,0x88[esi]\n\t"
  41. 		"movq mm4,0x90[edi]\n\t"
  42. 		"movq mm5,0x90[esi]\n\t"
  43. 		"movq mm6,0x98[edi]\n\t"
  44. 		"movq mm7,0x98[esi]\n\t"
  45.  
  46. 		"movq  r8,0xA0[edi]\n\t"	// store some in extended 64bit registers
  47. 		"movq  r9,0xA0[esi]\n\t"
  48. 		"movq r10,0xA8[edi]\n\t"
  49. 		"movq r11,0xA8[esi]\n\t"
  50. 		"movq r12,0xB0[edi]\n\t"
  51. 		"movq r13,0xB0[esi]\n\t"
  52. 		"movq r14,0xB8[edi]\n\t"
  53. 		"movq r15,0xB8[esi]\n\t"
  54.  
  55. 		// all available registers were data can be stored were filled, proceed with calcs now
  56. 		// calc xmms first
  57.                 "pmullw xmm0,xmm1\n\t"          // calc xmm0
  58.                 "pmullw xmm2,xmm3\n\t"          // calc xmm2
  59.                 "pmullw xmm4,xmm5\n\t"          // calc xmm4
  60.                 "pmullw xmm6,xmm7\n\t"          // calc xmm6
  61.                 "pmullw xmm8,xmm9\n\t"          // calc xmm8
  62.                 "pmullw xmm10,xmm11\n\t"        // calc xmm10
  63.                 "pmullw xmm12,xmm13\n\t"        // calc xmm12
  64.                 "pmullw xmm14,xmm15\n\t"        // calc xmm14
  65.  
  66. 		// calc mms second
  67.                 "pmullw mm0,mm1\n\t"        // calc mm0
  68.                 "pmullw mm2,mm3\n\t"        // calc mm0
  69.                 "pmullw mm4,mm5\n\t"        // calc mm0
  70.                 "pmullw mm6,mm7\n\t"        // calc mm0
  71.  
  72. 		// send xmm values to memory
  73.                 "movdqa [edi],xmm0\n\t"         // xmm0 -> memory
  74.                 "movdqa 0x10[edi],xmm2\n\t"     // xmm2 -> memory
  75.                 "movdqa 0x20[edi],xmm4\n\t"     // xmm4 -> memory
  76.                 "movdqa 0x30[edi],xmm6\n\t"     // xmm6 -> memory
  77.                 "movdqa 0x40[edi],xmm8\n\t"     // xmm8 -> memory
  78.                 "movdqa 0x50[edi],xmm10\n\t"    // xmm10 -> memory 
  79.                 "movdqa 0x60[edi],xmm12\n\t"    // xmm12 -> memory 
  80.                 "movdqa 0x70[edi],xmm14\n\t"    // xmm14 -> memory 
  81.  
  82. 		// send mm values to memory
  83.                 "movq 0x80[edi],mm0\n\t"    	// mm0 -> memory 
  84.                 "movq 0x88[edi],mm2\n\t"    	// mm2 -> memory 
  85.                 "movq 0x90[edi],mm4\n\t"    	// mm4 -> memory 
  86.                 "movq 0x98[edi],mm6\n\t"    	// mm6 -> memory 
  87.  
  88. 		// xmms & mms are free now
  89. 		// load mms from 'r's
  90. 		"movq mm0,r8\n\t"		// move saved 'r' to mm
  91. 		"movq mm1,r9\n\t"		// move saved 'r' to mm
  92. 		"movq mm2,r10\n\t"		// move saved 'r' to mm
  93. 		"movq mm3,r11\n\t"		// move saved 'r' to mm
  94. 		"movq mm4,r12\n\t"		// move saved 'r' to mm
  95. 		"movq mm5,r13\n\t"		// move saved 'r' to mm
  96. 		"movq mm6,r14\n\t"		// move saved 'r' to mm
  97. 		"movq mm7,r15\n\t"		// move saved 'r' to mm
  98. 		// calc mms
  99.                 "pmullw mm0,mm1\n\t"          // calc mms copied from 'r's
  100.                 "pmullw mm2,mm3\n\t"          // calc mms copied from 'r's
  101.                 "pmullw mm4,mm5\n\t"          // calc mms copied from 'r's
  102.                 "pmullw mm6,mm7\n\t"          // calc mms copied from 'r's
  103. 		// send mm values to memory
  104.                 "movq 0xA0[edi],mm0\n\t"    	// mm0 -> memory 
  105.                 "movq 0xA8[edi],mm2\n\t"    	// mm2 -> memory 
  106.                 "movq 0xB0[edi],mm4\n\t"    	// mm4 -> memory 
  107.                 "movq 0xB8[edi],mm6\n\t"    	// mm6 -> memory 
  108.  
  109.                      :
  110.                      :  "D" (data) ,"S" (rands)
  111.                      :  "xmm0","xmm1","xmm2","xmm3","xmm4","xmm5","xmm6","xmm7",
  112.                         "xmm8","xmm9","xmm10","xmm11","xmm12","xmm13","xmm14","xmm15",
  113. 			"mm0","mm1","mm2","mm3","mm4","mm5","mm6","mm7",
  114. 			"r8","r9","r10","r11","r12","r13","r14","r15",
  115.                         "memory");
  116.  
  117. }
  118.  
  119.  
  120. ///////////////////////////////////////////
  121. #include <stdio.h>
  122. #include <stdlib.h>
  123. #include <time.h>
  124.  
  125. #include "pipe_line_math.h"
  126.  
  127. #define _ARRAY_SIZE_ 256*256*256*24
  128. #define _ELTS_PER_PIPE_ 112
  129. ushort __attribute__ ((aligned (16))) rands[_ARRAY_SIZE_];
  130. ushort __attribute__ ((aligned (16))) data[_ARRAY_SIZE_];
  131.  
  132. struct timespec tspec1;
  133. struct timespec tspec2;
  134.  
  135.  
  136. main() {
  137. ulong i,max;
  138. double diff;
  139.  
  140.     for (i=0;i<_ARRAY_SIZE_;i++) { /// fill with any data
  141. 	rands[i]=i%4;
  142. 	data[i]=i*2+i;
  143.     }
  144.  
  145.     max=_ARRAY_SIZE_/_ELTS_PER_PIPE_;
  146.     clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME,&tspec1);  
  147.     for (i=0;i<max;i=i+_ELTS_PER_PIPE_) pipe_mult_ushort(&data[i],&rands[i]);   
  148.     for (i=0;i<max;i=i+_ELTS_PER_PIPE_) pipe_mult_ushort(&data[i],&rands[i]);  // one more time
  149.     clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME,&tspec2);
  150.     diff=((double)tspec2.tv_sec+(double)tspec2.tv_nsec/1000000000.0)-((double)tspec1.tv_sec+tspec1.tv_nsec/1000000000.0);
  151.     printf("time pipeline multiply:\nstart: %d:%d\n  end: %d:%d ; total diff: %f\n",tspec1.tv_sec,tspec1.tv_nsec,tspec2.tv_sec,tspec2.tv_nsec,diff);
  152.     printf("sample data:\n");
  153.     for (i=0;i<64;i++) {
  154.         printf("%d,",data[i]);    
  155.         if (!((i+1)%16))    printf("\n");
  156.  
  157.     }
  158.  
  159.     return(0);
  160. }
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Re: how many registers can i use in intel i7

 
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  #2
Jun 3rd, 2009
For 64-bit specific information, look here:

http://www.turboirc.com/asm/

http://www.vikaskumar.org/wiki/index...86-64_Tutorial

http://www.x86-64.org/

http://www.viva64.com/links/64-bit-development/
while (CPU is present) {some assembly required}
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