can someone help with this issue? Anytime an operation is performed, the output is random characters and/or numbers...
.MODEL TINY
.CODE
ORG 100H
START: JMP BEGIN
; DEFINED VARIABLES
PORT_A EQU 140H
PORT_B EQU 141H
PORT_C EQU 142H
PORT_CR EQU 143H
DIR_MODE EQU 2
OP_MODE EQU 3
EON EQU 01000000B
EOFF EQU 10111111B
RSDATA EQU 00010000B
RSINSTR EQU 00000000B
RS DB RSINSTR
HELPMSG DB 'F5 TO TOGLE MODES, F1 FOR HELP,'
DB 'F10 TO QUIT, ENTER A TWO DIGIT'
$' ;FINISH LATER
SWITCHB DB ' INPUT MODE: BINARY DIP $ '
SWITCHK DB ' INPUT MODE: KEYBOARD $ '
IN1 DB ' $'
IN2 DB ' $'
INOP DB ' $ '
ERRMES DB ' UNKOWN ERROR $'
; SUB-ROUTINES
SPACE PROC NEAR
MOV AH, 02H
MOV DL, 0DH
INT 21H
MOV DL, 0AH
INT 21H
RET
SPACE ENDP
FKEY PROC NEAR
CMP AH, 3BH
JE HELP
CMP AH, 44H
JE EXIT
CMP AH, 86H
JE TOGGLE
EXIT: MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
TOGGLE: LEA DX, SWITCHB
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
JMP DIPIN
HELP: CALL SPACE
PUSH AX
LEA DX, HELPMSG
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
POP AX
RET
FKEY ENDP
ERRS PROC NEAR
LEA DX, ERRMES
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
CALL SPACE
JMP GETNUM
ERRS ENDP
PAUSE300US PROC NEAR
PUSH BX
MOV BX, 0FFH
LOOP1: NOP
DEC BX
CMP BX, 0
JNZ LOOP1
POP BX
RET
PAUSE300US ENDP
PAUSE3MS PROC NEAR
PUSH BX
MOV BX, 00AH
LOOP2: CALL PAUSE300US
DEC BX
CMP BX,0
JNZ LOOP2
POP BX
RET
PAUSE3MS ENDP
PAUSE20MS PROC NEAR
PUSH BX
MOV BX, 007H
LOOP3: CALL PAUSE3MS
DEC BX
CMP BX, 0
JNZ LOOP3
POP BX
RET
PAUSE20MS ENDP
OUTPUTNIBBLE PROC NEAR
PUSH AX
PUSH DX
AND AL, 0FH
OR AL, [RS]
MOV DX, 140H
OUT DX, AL
CALL PAUSE300US
OR AL, EON
OUT DX, AL
CALL PAUSE300US
CALL PAUSE300US
AND AL, EOFF
OUT DX, AL
CALL PAUSE3MS
POP DX
POP AX
RET
OUTPUTNIBBLE ENDP
OUTPUTBYTE PROC NEAR
PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
MOV BL, AL
MOV CL, 4
SHR AL, CL
CALL OUTPUTNIBBLE
MOV AL, BL
AND AL, 0FH
CALL OUTPUTNIBBLE
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
OUTPUTBYTE ENDP
LCD_INIT PROC NEAR
PUSH AX
MOV AL, 0
MOV DX, 140H
OUT DX, AL
CALL PAUSE20MS
MOV [RS], RSINSTR
MOV AL, 00000011B
CALL OUTPUTNIBBLE
CALL PAUSE3MS
CALL PAUSE3MS
MOV AL, 00000011B
CALL OUTPUTNIBBLE
CALL PAUSE300US
MOV AL, 00000011B
CALL OUTPUTNIBBLE
CALL PAUSE300US
MOV AL, 00000010B
CALL OUTPUTNIBBLE
CALL PAUSE3MS
MOV AL, 00101000B
CALL OUTPUTBYTE
CALL PAUSE300US
MOV AL, 00001111B
CALL OUTPUTBYTE
CALL PAUSE300US
MOV AL, 00000001B
CALL OUTPUTBYTE
CALL PAUSE3MS
MOV AL, 00000110B
CALL OUTPUTBYTE
CALL PAUSE300US
MOV [RS], RSDATA
POP AX
RET
LCD_INIT ENDP
LCD_GOTOXY PROC NEAR
PUSH AX
PUSH BX
MOV [RS], RSINSTR
MOV BL, 0
CMP AH, 0
JZ LINE1
MOV BL,40H
LINE1: ADD AL, BL
OR AL, 80H
CALL OUTPUTBYTE
MOV [RS], RSDATA
POP BX
POP AX
RET
LCD_GOTOXY ENDP
EXPONENT PROC NEAR
PUSH CX
MOV CL, AH
MOV AH, AL
MULT: MUL AH
JO ERT
DEC CL
CMP CL, 0
JNZ MULT
JMP DONE
ERT: MOV BL, 12H
DONE: POP CX
RET
EXPONENT ENDP
ASCII2BCD PROC NEAR ;2 ASCII NUM IN AX -> BCD IN AL
PUSH CX
SUB AL, 030H
SUB AL, 030H
MOV CL, 4
SHL AH, CL
OR AL, AH
POP CX
RET
ASCII2BCD ENDP
BCD2HEX PROC NEAR ;BCD IN AL -> HEX IN AL
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
MOV BL, AL
AND BL, 0FH
MOV CL, 4
SHR AL, CL
MOV BH, 0AH
MUL BH
ADD AL, BL
POP CX
POP BX
RET
BCD2HEX ENDP
BCD2ASCII PROC NEAR ;BCD IN AL -> ASCII IN AX, AH LOST
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
MOV BL, AL
MOV CL, 4
SHR AL, CL
ADD AL, 030H
MOV AH, AL
MOV AL, BL
AND AL, 0FH
ADD AL, 030H
POP CX
POP BX
RET
BCD2ASCII ENDP
HEX2BCD PROC NEAR ;HEX IN AL -> BCD IN AL
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
MOV BH, 00H
MOV BL, 0AH
DIV BL
MOV CL, 4
SHL AL, CL
OR AL, BH
POP CX
POP BX
RET
HEX2BCD ENDP
;MAIN PROGRAM
BEGIN: MOV AX, CS
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, 2
MOV DX, 143H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 0FFH ;INIT
MOV DX, 140H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 3
MOV DX, 143H
OUT DX, AL
CALL LCD_INIT
MOV BL, 0FH
MOV AX, 0100H
CALL LCD_GOTOXY
;KEYBOARD INPUT
GETNUM: LEA DX, SWITCHK
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
MOV CL, 02H
LEA DX, IN1
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
GETKEY1:MOV AH, 0H
INT 16H
CMP AL, 0H
JE FKEY1
CMP AL, 30H
JL GETKEY1
CMP AL, 39H
JG GETKEY1
MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
PUSH AX
DEC CL
CMP CL, 0H
JNE GETKEY1
POP AX
POP BX
MOV AH, BL
CALL ASCII2BCD
CALL BCD2HEX
PUSH AX
JMP GETOP
FKEY1: CALL FKEY
CALL SPACE
JMP GETKEY1
GETOP: LEA DX, INOP
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
MOV AH, 0H
INT 16H
CMP AL, 0H
JE FKEYOP
CMP AL, 2AH
JE PUSHOP
CMP AL, 2FH
JE PUSHOP
CMP AL, 2BH
JE PUSHOP
CMP AL, 2DH
JE PUSHOP
CMP AL, 25H
JE PUSHOP
CMP AL, 5EH
JE PUSHOP
;ELSE
JMP GETOP
FKEYOP: CALL FKEY
CALL SPACE
JMP GETOP
PUSHOP: MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
PUSH AX
GETNUM2:MOV CL, 2
LEA DX, IN2
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
GETKEY2:MOV AH, 0H
INT 16H
CMP AL, 0H
JE FKEY2
CMP AL, 30H
JL GETKEY2
CMP AL, 39H
JG GETKEY2
MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
PUSH AX
DEC CL
CMP CL, 0H
JNE GETKEY2
POP AX
POP BX
MOV AH, BL
CALL ASCII2BCD
CALL BCD2HEX
PUSH AX
JMP SOLVE
FKEY2: CALL FKEY
CALL SPACE
JMP GETNUM2
; BINARY INPUT SECTION
DIPIN: MOV DX, PORT_C
IN AL, DX
TOG: MOV CX, 0FFFH
WAIT1: NOP
LOOP WAIT1
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
MOV BL, AH
IN AL, DX
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
CMP BL, AH
JE TOG
AND AL, 00FH
PUSH AX
TOG2: MOV CX, 0FFFH
WAIT2: NOP
LOOP WAIT2
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
MOV BL, AH
IN AL, DX
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
CMP BL, AH
JE TOG2
AND AL, 00FH
POP CX ;HUH?
MOV AH, CL
MOV CL, 4
SHL AH, CL
OR AL, AH
CALL BCD2HEX
PUSH AX
TOGOP: MOV CX, 0FFFH
WAITOP: NOP
LOOP WAITOP
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
MOV BL, AH
IN AL, DX
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
CMP BL, AH
JE TOGOP
AND AL, 070H
MOV CL, 4
SHR AL, CL
PUSH AX
TOG3: MOV CX, 0FFFH
WAIT3: NOP
LOOP WAIT3
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
MOV BL, AH
IN AL, DX
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
CMP BL, AH
JE TOG3
AND AL, 00FH
PUSH AX
TOG4: MOV CX, 0FFFH
WAIT4: NOP
LOOP WAIT4
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
MOV BL, AH
IN AL, DX
MOV AH, AL
AND AH, 080H
CMP BL, AH
JE TOG4
AND AL, 00FH
POP CX
MOV AH, CL
MOV CL, 4
SHL AH, CL
OR AL, AH
CALL BCD2HEX
POP BX ;OPERATER INTO BX
POP CX
MOV AH, CL
JMP CALC
; CALCULATIONS SECTION
SOLVE: POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
CALC: CALL SPACE
CMP BL, 0H
JE MINUSG
CMP BL, 02DH
JE MINUSG
CMP BL, 01H
JE PLUSG
CMP BL, 2BH
JE PLUSG
CMP BL, 02H
JE PARTG
CMP BL, 2FH
JE PARTG
CMP BL, 03H
JE TIMESG
CMP BL, 2AH
JE TIMESG
CMP BL, 04H
JE MODG
CMP BL, 25H
JE MODG
CMP BL, 05H
JE POWG
CMP BL, 5EH
JE POWG
CALL ERRS
MINUSG: SUB AL, CL
DAS
MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
;JO OVER
JMP DISP
PLUSG: CLC
ADC AL, CL
DAA
MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
JO OVER
JMP DISP
PARTG: DIV CL
JO OVER
JMP DISP
TIMESG: MUL CL
CMP AH, 0
JNZ OVER
JMP DISP
MODG: CALL PARTG
XCHG AL, AH
JMP DISP
POWG: CALL EXPONENT
CMP BL, 12H
JE OVER
JMP DISP
; DISPLAY SECTION
DISP: MOV DX, PORT_B
OUT DX, AL
CALL HEX2BCD
CALL BCD2ASCII
XCHG AL, AH
CALL OUTPUTBYTE
PUSH AX
MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
POP AX
XCHG AL, AH
CALL OUTPUTBYTE
PUSH AX
MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
JMP GETNUM
OVER: MOV DX, PORT_B
MOV BL, 3
BLINK: MOV AL, 0FFH
OUT DX, AL
MOV CX, 0FFFFH
ONLED: NOP
LOOP ONLED
MOV AL, 000H
OUT DX, AL
MOV CX, 0FFFFH
OFFLED: NOP
LOOP OFFLED
DEC BL
CMP BL, 0
JNZ BLINK
JMP GETNUM
END BEGIN
.END
