This should go like normal site submission; http://www.google.com/submityourcontent/index.html

Start using "Google reader" and subscribe for the topics you would like to get regular update.

Google Reader is best tools to get the update from your favorite websites.

I think your podcast feed is correct and nothing to worry!

I would suggest you to use Google reader, by subscribing for specific content you'll get constantly fresh contents that can give you idea about new topics.

Ideally the rss link should take the reader to the originating website to get the rest of the story through the excerpts.

Try out feedburner.com, it is pretty nice tools to create rss feed and to promote your content, it also enable you to keep track on subscribers.