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Join Date: Jul 2005
Location: France
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If you bind GUI event to a function you use a callback function, alas, callback functions are not allowed to have arguments. To remedy situation you can use currying or lambda. Here is an examples of both:
Editor's Note:
command uses a function object rather then a function call, so arguments have to be added with a lambda or curry wrapper.
# currying allows GUI callback functions to have arguments
# an alternative is lambda
from Tkinter import *
class Curry:
"""adds arguments to callback function"""
def __init__(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
self.callback = callback
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
def __call__(self):
# needs Python23 or higher
return self.callback(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
def callback(what=None):
print "callback =", what # for testing
if what == 'red':
b1.config(bg="#ff0000")
if what == 'blue':
b2.config(bg="#0000ff")
root = Tk()
# uses class Curry, since command=callback("red") will not work
b1 = Button(root, text="red", width=6, command=Curry(callback, "red"))
b1.pack(side=LEFT, padx=2, pady=2)
# uses lambda instead of Curry
b2 = Button(root, text="blue", width=6, command=lambda: callback("blue"))
b2.pack(side=LEFT, padx=2, pady=2)
mainloop()command uses a function object rather then a function call, so arguments have to be added with a lambda or curry wrapper.
Last edited by vegaseat : Sep 22nd, 2006 at 6:03 pm. Reason: added more detail to Bumsfeld's explanation
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The Python module threading allows you to run a function in the background, as your main program executes. This example adds another feature of Python, called function decoration, the @decorator is added to just above the function you want to run in the background, as example shows:
Output looks like:
# running a function in the background with threading
# (apply threading to a function with a function @decorator)
import time
import threading
def background(f):
def bg_f(*a, **kw):
threading.Thread(target=f, args=a, kwargs=kw).start()
return bg_f
# the @decorator forces this function to run in the background
@background
def counter(n):
i = 0
while i < n:
print i
i += 1
time.sleep(0.5) # 0.5 second delay
counter(7)
time.sleep(0.4)
print 'hello' # prints hello, before counter prints 1 ...
time.sleep(1.2)
print 'world' # prints world, before counter prints 4 ...0 hello 1 2 3 world 4 5 6
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Join Date: Jun 2006
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Junior Poster
Here is an example of how you could use Tkinter, a loop, counter, and some other stuff. Here is the program code:
What I did, was made a window in Tkinter and in that window made a "Roll" Button. then there are 5 blank labels that get filled by different lines of IIII's depending on what number from 1 - 6 is chosen.
This also shows how you can set up a loop that only ends when the counter hits a certain number, and that only happens when the die has displayed a certain amount of numbers.
And if you want it to run the window with no console, save the code as "filename.pyw" instead of "filename.py"
#Created by Mattamus Prime (AKA Matt Tacular)
#This is a simple dice program, pretends to roll a die and show you the progress
#After 25 random screens, it picks one to show.
import random
from Tkinter import *
import time
def clear():
answerLabel2.configure(text="")
answerLabel3.configure(text="")
answerLabel4.configure(text="")
mainWindow.update()
def aDie():
infiniteLoop = True
counter = 0
while infiniteLoop:
number = random.randint(1,6)
time.sleep(0.1)
clear()
counter += 1
if number == 1:
strDie2 = "I I"
strDie3 = "I II I"
strDie4 = "I I"
answerLabel2.configure(text=strDie2)
answerLabel3.configure(text=strDie3)
answerLabel4.configure(text=strDie4)
number = random.randint(1,6)
elif number == 2:
strDie2 = "I II I"
strDie3 = "I I"
strDie4 = "I II I"
answerLabel2.configure(text=strDie2)
answerLabel3.configure(text=strDie3)
answerLabel4.configure(text=strDie4)
number = random.randint(1,6)
elif number == 3:
strDie2 = "I II I"
strDie3 = "I II I"
strDie4 = "I II I"
answerLabel2.configure(text=strDie2)
answerLabel3.configure(text=strDie3)
answerLabel4.configure(text=strDie4)
number = random.randint(1,6)
elif number == 4:
strDie2 = "I II II I"
strDie3 = "I I"
strDie4 = "I II II I"
answerLabel2.configure(text=strDie2)
answerLabel3.configure(text=strDie3)
answerLabel4.configure(text=strDie4)
number = random.randint(1,6)
elif number == 5:
strDie2 = "I II II I"
strDie3 = "I II I"
strDie4 = "I II II I"
answerLabel2.configure(text=strDie2)
answerLabel3.configure(text=strDie3)
answerLabel4.configure(text=strDie4)
number = random.randint(1,6)
elif number == 6:
strDie2 = "I II II I"
strDie3 = "I II II I"
strDie4 = "I II II I"
answerLabel2.configure(text=strDie2)
answerLabel3.configure(text=strDie3)
answerLabel4.configure(text=strDie4)
number = random.randint(1,6)
if counter == 25:
break
mainWindow.update()
mainWindow = Tk()
startButton = Button(mainWindow, text="Roll", command=aDie, width=20)
startButton.grid(row=0, column=0)
answerLabel = Label(mainWindow, text="IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII", width=20)
answerLabel.grid(row=1, column=0)
answerLabel2 = Label(mainWindow, text="I I", width=20)
answerLabel2.grid(row=2, column=0)
answerLabel3 = Label(mainWindow, text="I I", width=20)
answerLabel3.grid(row=3, column=0)
answerLabel4 = Label(mainWindow, text="I I", width=20)
answerLabel4.grid(row=4, column=0)
answerLabel5 = Label(mainWindow, text="IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII", width=20)
answerLabel5.grid(row=5, column=0)
mainWindow.mainloop()What I did, was made a window in Tkinter and in that window made a "Roll" Button. then there are 5 blank labels that get filled by different lines of IIII's depending on what number from 1 - 6 is chosen.
This also shows how you can set up a loop that only ends when the counter hits a certain number, and that only happens when the die has displayed a certain amount of numbers.
And if you want it to run the window with no console, save the code as "filename.pyw" instead of "filename.py"
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You have seen those animated GIF files on webpages, wiggling and jiggling, sometimes fun, sometimes annoyance. I wanted an animated GIF file to animate on Tkinter, but only got a still picture.
An animated GIF file is really just a series of GIF files, like a series of frames in a movie. You can take one of the common GIF Animator Utlities and extract the individual GIF files that make up the series.
Next, loop these image files through the regular canvas.create_image() function, delay each frame to mimic animation, and you have your custom made movie. Here is the code example ...
I have attached a small zip file containing the set of individual pictures that make up the animated GIF.
An animated GIF file is really just a series of GIF files, like a series of frames in a movie. You can take one of the common GIF Animator Utlities and extract the individual GIF files that make up the series.
Next, loop these image files through the regular canvas.create_image() function, delay each frame to mimic animation, and you have your custom made movie. Here is the code example ...
python Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
Last edited by vegaseat : May 15th, 2007 at 6:49 pm. Reason: php tags don't work any longer
May 'the Google' be with you!
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Display the letters in a text sorted by their frequency of occurance:
Moderator's note: php tags didn't work properly, replaced them.
python Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
Last edited by vegaseat : May 15th, 2007 at 6:53 pm. Reason: php tags changed
drink her pretty
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Junior Poster in Training
Really nice sharings here .... thanks i hope it will continue
Impossible is Nothing
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This short code finds all files in a given drive or folder/directory that end with a selected file extension. It also checks all the subdirectories:
python Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
Last edited by vegaseat : May 15th, 2007 at 6:59 pm. Reason: changed php tags
drink her pretty
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If you want to create a unique filename in a given folder use the Python module tempfile:
import tempfile
# creates a random file (text=True is textfile, text=False is binary file)
ext = '.txt'
pfx = 'tmp'
dir = 'C:\\Temp'
filename = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=ext, prefix=pfx, dir=dir, text=True)[1]
print filename # eg. C:\Temp\tmpsnrfgk.txt
# test it ...
fout = open(filename, 'w')
fout.write("Just a text file")
fout.close() drink her pretty
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Join Date: Jul 2005
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So, you want to know the operating system your computer has? This short Python code can tell you:
import sys
operating_system = sys.platform
print operating_system # eg. win32
if operating_system[:3] == 'win':
print "Your OS is Windows"
elif operating_system[:5] == 'linux':
print "Your OS is Linux"
# or ........
import os
print os.name # eg. nt
print os.environ['OS'] # eg. Windows_NT
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This code allows you to create unique file names containing date and time that can be sorted by age:
import time
# using year_month_day_hour_min_sec (24 hour foemat)
filename1 = time.strftime('%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S.dat')
print filename1 # eg. 2006_08_05_20_57_56.dat
# or using seconds since epoch
filename2 = str(int(time.time())) + ".dat"
print filename2 # eg. 1154825876.dat |
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