(Posted with a public account)
I had the same problem. In Windows XP SP3, Control Panel > Internet Options (to open Internet Properties dialog), Connections tab, LAN settings. In "Local Area Network (LAN) Settings" dialog, section "Proxy server" had a check for "Use a proxy server for your LAN (These settings will not apply to dial-up or VPN connections).".
Clicking Advanced showed me my proxy settings, which I wanted to disable, but whenever I uncheck the box in the "Local Area Network (LAN) Settings", or delete the info in the Proxy Settings dialog for HTTP and its Port, the "Use a proxy server..." box would be checked after closing and re-opening the "Local Area Network (LAN) Settings" dialog, and the data in Proxy Settings dialog would be back.
Solution: In the Proxy Settings dialog, delete not only HTTP and its Port, but the contents of the Exceptions text area. My Exceptions text area said something like "example.com;;*.local". Click OK. An "Invalid Proxy Server" dialog appears. Click Yes to turn off proxy connection, and it finally stayed off.