hi just want to check a few things you say the cd works when you put in your current computer is that from boot or whilst in an operating system environment, if it is from boot then it could be your cd rom drive that is a little buggered you can do the following checks:
Put the cd rom in your current computer (the one it does boot in) and see if it will run from that cd drive in that comp both from boot and from o/s.
Swap the ide cable (i assume its ide) in your new comp could be faulty and check connections are pushed firmly into the motherboard.
Swap the connections, so if the hdd is on ide1 change it to the one the cd is on if they are on the same ide put them on seperate ones if you have two ide slots on your motehrboard (if you have another cable)
If you downloaded it from the msdn then download the dvd it is quicker and easier in the long run as I had similar problems with the cd booting but the dvd worked fine.
If those fail you should have a jumper on your motherboard which you can connect for 3 seconds which will reset the bios. Try this and then set up the boot device priority again.
If that fails then take out the hdd of the new comp and leave the cd drive in and put the vista cd in see if it boots if it is then its most likely a problem with the jumper settings tripple check them or your hdd.
If those fail then its a problem with either your motherboard (most likely) or your cd drive which you can check in your other comp and with software or with your hdd again which can be checked by using your other comp or downloadable software. Let me know what results you get and how you get on!