Hello Teradost,
SATA is the newest technology unless something newer/faster comes out you will see more and more SATA drives. (This is not counting SCSI)
As far as enclosures I would recommend something like this http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.asp?Item=N82E16812104061 It will save you the hassle of screwing the HDD into a chassis (they also have a similar item for IDE).
SCSI is going to get a little tricky and expensive for you. In order to read a SCSI disk you will need the appropriate SCSI controller the most common now are Ultra Wide, Ultra160, and Ultra320 cards run anywhere from $50-$350. (I have found most home users and small biz do not run SCSI)
I believe I answered this question with #3 let me know if you have any others