hello, Ok so you are hearing stuff out of your headset? but just not your voice.

Your microphone is picking up something but not your voice?

Have you tried recording a wav file to make sure that it is recording? Right click on the desktop, select new then "Wave Sound". Right click on that and select record, then on the new window that pops up, hit the red circle to record, and talk into the Mic and see if it registering the sound from your voice.

You could also try other software, such as Audacity. I think the cause of this issue is down to drivers. Is this a USB Mic & Headset or does it use the Mic & Headphone jacks?

Go into Control Panel ==> Speech, is there a tab called Speech Recognition? This is used preliminary for speech to text recognition on Word for example but you can use it to adjust the volume for the Mic. Try to go through the wizard to see if it registers your voice.
What you can also try is doing the following:
Control Panel ==> Sounds & Audio Devices ==> Voice Tab ==> Test Hardware button. This will then show you a wizard, please follow the steps as it advises.