I had problems once like this, apparently my HDD was going bad and it had corrupted the registry. So USB flash drives stopped working in that computer. It would say that it was installed and ready to be accessed but it did not show as a drive in my computer. I was able to look at the data but only by right clicking on my computer, going to manage --> disk management, I could see the drive there but it had no drive letter assigned. So I assined a letter and then right clicked on the drive and then went to explore. I had to get a new HDD eventually.