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Jul 27th, 2005

help with getchar

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i just would like to ask for help regarding my code... my problem is this... the user must enter an 80-digit number...if he enters more than 80 digits, the error "\007Input number must not exceed a total of %d digits\n" will appear setting the iserror flag to 1 and breaking the for loop. then if iserror==1, it will execute the line "continue" so that the user may enter a new number... the previous number he entered is no longer valid...

the problem is, after the program prints "Enter number 1: " to take a NEW input from user, the getchar function gets the number immediately after the 80th number which the user previously entered... i wonder how can i be cleared of the previous number the user entered so that when asked again to enter number 1, the getchar will get the char starting from the first digit of the NEW input number.

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
    while(isvalid==0){
        iserror=0;
        printf("Enter number 1: ");
        ch=getchar();
        /*check if no input for number 1*/
        if(ch=='\n'){
            printf("\007Please input an integer up to 80 digits\n");
            continue;
        }
        /*check if input for number 1 exceeds maximum digit count*/
        if(ch=='-'){/*signed input number 1*/
            signednum1=1;
            for(n=0;n<=MAXDIGITCOUNT,ch!='\n';n++){
                ch=getchar();
                if(n==MAXDIGITCOUNT && ch!='\n'){
                    printf("\007Input number must not exceed a total of %d digits\n",MAXDIGITCOUNT);
                    iserror=1;
                    break;
                }
                if(n<MAXDIGITCOUNT && ch!='\n'){
                    num1[n]=ch;
                    len1=n+1;
                }
            }
            if(iserror==1){
                continue;
            }
        }
        if(iserror==1){
            isvalid=0;
        }
        else
            isvalid=1;
    }
    while(isvalid==0){
        iserror=0;
        printf("Enter number 1: ");
        ch=getchar();
        /*check if no input for number 1*/
        if(ch=='\n'){
            printf("\007Please input an integer up to 80 digits\n");
            continue;
        }
        /*check if input for number 1 exceeds maximum digit count*/
        if(ch=='-'){/*signed input number 1*/
            signednum1=1;
            for(n=0;n<=MAXDIGITCOUNT,ch!='\n';n++){
                ch=getchar();
                if(n==MAXDIGITCOUNT && ch!='\n'){
                    printf("\007Input number must not exceed a total of %d digits\n",MAXDIGITCOUNT);
                    iserror=1;
                    break;
                }
                if(n<MAXDIGITCOUNT && ch!='\n'){
                    num1[n]=ch;
                    len1=n+1;
                }
            }
            if(iserror==1){
                continue;
            }
        }
        if(iserror==1){
            isvalid=0;
        }
        else
            isvalid=1;
    }

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zeek

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Jul 27th, 2005

Re: help with getchar

Just clear the stream of extra characters. You can use this function:

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
void discard ( FILE *in )
{
  int c;
 
  while ( ( c = fgetc ( in ) ) != EOF && c != '\n' )
    ;
}
void discard ( FILE *in )
{
  int c;

  while ( ( c = fgetc ( in ) ) != EOF && c != '\n' )
    ;
}

Narue

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Jul 27th, 2005

Re: help with getchar

Couldn't you flow control (with an if statement) the entry? Once you have 80 digits, you switch over to the second number so any overage is automatically put into the second number.

Would that work, or am I not understanding the problem correctly?

Drowzee

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Jul 27th, 2005

Re: help with getchar

actually, i am creating a program to add 2 large-digit numbers up to 80... first you input number 1 (which can be up to 80 digits) next you input number 2 (also can be up to 80 digits)...
when the user enters greater than 80 digits for number 1, the remaining numbers beyond the limit of 80 must be discarded...

i have to prompt the user that he enters more than 80 digits and i have to prompt him again to enter "input number 1:"... wherein in my program it continues on running (getting the remaining digits previously entered because of getchar) and executing "input number 2:" without giving the user the chance to input a new number for number 1... (NOTE: i did not place the code for "input number 2:" in the question)

mr. narue... i am still new in c programming... can you pls explain the code (and where i should to place it) because as i understand it, i have to open a file... i'm sorry sir but i still have little knowledge in C. hope you understand thanks

zeek

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Jul 27th, 2005

Re: help with getchar

Quote originally posted by Narue ...

Just clear the stream of extra characters. You can use this function:
C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
void discard ( FILE *in )
{
  int c;
 
  while ( ( c = fgetc ( in ) ) != EOF && c != '\n' )
    ;
}
void discard ( FILE *in ) { int c; while ( ( c = fgetc ( in ) ) != EOF && c != '\n' ) ; }

DID YOU KNOW THAT:
The c-defined 'stdin' that takes the input directly from the keyboard is compatible with (if not a direct type of) FILE* ?

AND NOW YOU KNOW!

What's going on here? I'll walk you through it.

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
void discard ( FILE *in ) //1
{
  int c;//2
 
  while ( ( c = fgetc ( in ) ) != EOF)  && c != '\n' )  //3
    ;
}
void discard ( FILE *in ) //1
{
  int c;//2

  while ( ( c = fgetc ( in ) ) != EOF)  && c != '\n' )  //3
    ;
}

Okay, here goes:
1. The function name and accepted parameters. In this case, you'll want to call:

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)

discard(stdin);

when you want to clear the input stream of excess characters.
You'd call it after you get 80 digits.

2. This is the digit you want to get in for your input.

3. This while loop does everything in the declaration of the while loop.
Its first argument, ((c = fgetc(in)) != EOF), does two things:
First, it calls the fgetc function and returns an integer value, which is stored in the variable 'c'. The parenthesis around

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
(c=fgetc(in))
(c=fgetc(in))

are to help both you and the compiler realize that the fgetc function and assignment should be called first.
Second, it compares the value of 'c' to the defined value of the end of file character (abbreviated as EOF). If 'c' has the value of EOF, the while loop exits.
That's what the !=EOF does.

{Note: "in" is the reference the function uses instead of stdin, the keyboard input. It's the same thing, just renamed for the discard function.}

The second argument in the while loop,

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)

c != '\n'

Compares the value of c (taken in the first argument) to the value of the "newline" character. When using stdin, this translates to a press of the enter key.

The two arguments for the while loop are joined by the logical AND operator, &&. That means that as long as both conditions(c can't be the end of file and c can't be a new line) are met, any key press is discarded. Only pressing enter can break the loop.

So, once you've got your 80 digit entries, you call the discard function with stdin as the argument, and anything that's not an enter will be assigned and overwritten without getting into the numbers you want to preserve. Once enter is pressed, the discard function exits, and you can start entering the second 80 digit number.

Drowzee

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Jul 27th, 2005

Re: help with getchar

Various pieces have been presented and discussed already. Here's how I might piece some things together.

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
#include <stdio.h>
 
char *getline(char *dst, size_t size)
{
   size_t i = 0;
   for ( ;; )
   {
      int ch = getchar();
      if ( ch == '\n' || ch == EOF )
      {
         break;
      }
      dst[i] = ch;
      if ( ++i >= size - 1 )
      {
         printf("input may not exceed %lu digits\n", (long unsigned)(size - 1));
         break;
      }
   }
   dst[i] = '\0';
   return dst;
}
 
void input(char *number, size_t size)
{
   printf("enter a %lu-digit number: ", (long unsigned)(size - 1));
   fflush(stdout);
   getline(number, size);
   printf("number = \"%s\"\n", number);
}
 
int main(void)
{
   char number[10];
   input(number, sizeof number);
   return 0;
}
 
/* my output
enter a 9-digit number: 1234567890
number = "123456789"
 
enter a 9-digit number: 1234567890123
input may not exceed 9 digits
number = "123456789"
*/
#include <stdio.h>

char *getline(char *dst, size_t size)
{
   size_t i = 0;
   for ( ;; )
   {
      int ch = getchar();
      if ( ch == '\n' || ch == EOF )
      {
         break;
      }
      dst[i] = ch;
      if ( ++i >= size - 1 )
      {
         printf("input may not exceed %lu digits\n", (long unsigned)(size - 1));
         break;
      }
   }
   dst[i] = '\0';
   return dst;
}

void input(char *number, size_t size)
{
   printf("enter a %lu-digit number: ", (long unsigned)(size - 1));
   fflush(stdout);
   getline(number, size);
   printf("number = \"%s\"\n", number);
}

int main(void)
{
   char number[10];
   input(number, sizeof number);
   return 0;
}

/* my output
enter a 9-digit number: 1234567890
number = "123456789"

enter a 9-digit number: 1234567890123
input may not exceed 9 digits
number = "123456789"
*/

As an aside, '\007' can be expressed as '\a' to be more standard.

Dave Sinkula

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Jul 28th, 2005

Re: help with getchar

thanks to you guys but i have a new problem:

the user is prompt to enter number 1 and then number 2.
i declared two arrays to handle each digit...

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
	char num1[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];
	char num2[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];
	char num1[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];
	char num2[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];

in my program, i will passed the contents of these arrays to a function called 'addition' but before i do that i decided to convert first each content of the arrays into integer. I first declare two arrays to handle the converted numbers:

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
	int inum1[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ]; 
	int inum2[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];
	int inum1[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ]; 
	int inum2[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];

then i do this:

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
   for( n = 0; n < len2; n++ ) {
        inum2[ n ] = atoi( num2[ n ] );
   }
   for( n = 0; n < len2; n++ ) {
        inum2[ n ] = atoi( num2[ n ] );
   }

and i received this message:
[Warning] passing arg 1 of 'atoi' makes pointer from integer without a cast

then i write the function 'addition' as:

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
     void addition(int _num1, int _num2,...){
                s1 = _num1[ _len1]; 
     }
     void addition(int _num1, int _num2,...){
                s1 = _num1[ _len1]; 
     }

and i received this error message:
- subscripted value is neither array nor pointer

zeek

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Jul 28th, 2005

help on 'Segmentation Fault'

the user is prompt to enter number 1 and then number 2.
i declared two arrays to handle each digit...

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
	char num1[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];
	char num2[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];
	char num1[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];
	char num2[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
	int inum1[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ]; 
	int inum2[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];
	int inum1[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ]; 
	int inum2[ MAXDIGITCOUNT ];

then i do this:

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
   for( n = 0; n < len2; n++ ) {
        inum2[ n ] = atoi( num2[ n ] );
   }
   for( n = 0; n < len2; n++ ) {
        inum2[ n ] = atoi( num2[ n ] );
   }

and i received this message:
[Warning] passing arg 1 of 'atoi' makes pointer from integer without a cast

then i write the function 'addition' as:

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
     void addition(int _num1, int _num2,...){
                s1 = _num1[ _len1]; 
     }
     void addition(int _num1, int _num2,...){
                s1 = _num1[ _len1]; 
     }

and i received this error message:
- subscripted value is neither array nor pointer

and when i tried to run the program, it shows Segmentation Fault while performing
the line containing the 'atoi'

zeek

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Jul 28th, 2005

Re: help on 'Segmentation Fault'

atoi expects a pointer to a nul-terminated array of characters, that is, a "c-style string".

You're passing it a character, not a pointer to an array of characters. When a character gets interpreted as a pointer, it ends up refering to some arbitrary address of memory that the program has no right to access. Accessing memory it's not allowed to access gives your program the segmentation fault.

If you want to convert a character such as '1' to an integer value of 1, all you need to do is subtract '0'. I.e. char x = '5'; int y = x - '0'; /* y == 5 now */

Rashakil Fol

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Jul 28th, 2005

Re: help with getchar

atoi expects a null-terminated string, not a single character. Try something like this (untested).

C Syntax (Toggle Plain Text)
inum2[ n ] = num2[ n ] - '0';
inum2[ n ] = num2[ n ] - '0';

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Do not flood the forum posting the same question in multiple forums, or multiple ways. All that happens is it gets confusing. It's a lot easier for everyone to get the answers they need if everything is kept in one place.

Dave Sinkula

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