I would recommend that you use the ImageMagik Library in Windows to get image properties. It supports practically every image format and will convert image types to a raw image format on the fly so that your image viewer program can support all those image formats. Read their documentation on how to best implement that library to your program.
Windows does not have any native API to deal with images other than Bitmap (and compressed bitmap). There are frameworks that work with the Windows API that expose access to other popular formats, but it is hardly as exhaustive a list as ImageMagik.