I don't think that python to C is a good beginner's introduction. I would begin with either C++ or Java as a first serious, object oriented language. Some here might argue to go with C#, or even a web-based language such as PHP. However, the reason that I strongly believe that C++ and Java are good foundations is because they are what is most often used in Computer Science academia. Most Computer Science theory and algorithms are explained, taught and implemented via C (or C++), for example.
In addition, you say "Children and CS". What age children are we dealing with? Are you trying to introduce the 13 year old to his or her first taste of programming? Or are we dealing with an undergraduate computer science style curriculum?
As far as how exactly to run the code. That I unfortunately am not sure of. I use my mac to compile via gcc, the free GNU unix/linux/mac compiler. And on my windows machine, I use Microsoft Visual Studio.NET. While there is an academic version, I'm not so sure it's hefty pricetag would make for a good "fiddling around and learning" program for kids. However, for any serious coding, it is a must.
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