That's a pretty loaded question, about which libraries full of books have been written.
If you're really interested, throw some money into it and get yourself some professional software analysis and design training.
I took Sun's OO-226 course which was great, and at just over €2000 for a week very nicely priced too.
That will teach you a lot more (and prevent you from picking up a lot of bad habbits) than reading some books and websites with no guidance.
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duckman
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since Nov 2004