Unfortunately, there are so many and could depend on different situation & topic. You may not just keep only one algorithm and discard all others because there could be a situation when one of the others is better than the one you keep.
This question is too broad...
Taywin
Posting Virtuoso
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OK, if not discard, but how about "ignore" instead? If and only if there is one or a couple and you want to be familiar with, what are you going to do with others if you are not going to ignore or discard?
Anyway, the question is still too broad... Be more specific. It is not like there are a couple problems in the world that you can just pick a few famous algorithms to solve these problems...
Taywin
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A general understanding of trees and caching associative operations in their internal nodes will never go out of style.
Rashakil Fol
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All algorithm you need to know are usually already implemented efficiently by the libraries or some other well known vendors. Your job should be to efficiently use them to complete your project and increase your productivity. Of course this doesn't mean you shouldn't know that basic concepts, like sorting, trees, hashing, dynamic programming, greedy programming and possibly linear programming.
firstPerson
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All algorithm you need to know are usually already implemented efficiently by the libraries or some other well known vendors. Your job should be to efficiently use them to complete your project and increase your productivity.
This is completely not true.
Rashakil Fol
Super Senior Demiposter
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This is completely not true.
For the most part it should be, especially judging from @OP's post, I wouldn't expect him to be doing any problem that hasn't been solved or has a variant of the solution he needs.
firstPerson
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