http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/c...cstdio/printf/

This is a complete explaination of the printf function . you will notice that %x or %X is denoted to show the hexadecimal notation.

Though I am unsure about being able to print out the binary value.

printf() does not have a conversion to binary. The C++ library has a bitset<> class that will indirectly do it for you, but you need to use cout to print directly, or manually convert to a string for printf():
The other alternative is manually converting the number to a binary string. If you search this forum you can find tons of threads about how to do it that way.

I am a bit unclear about this line

std::cout << std::bitset<std::numeric_limits<int>::digits>(0x199) << '\n';

I know that because your do not use the namespace std hence your use std:: to replace it.

But if I am to write in this format:

#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <bitset>
using namespace std; /*<--the thing that i mentioned*/

int main()
{
cout << bitset<numeric_limits<int>::digits>(0x199) << '\n';
}

am i correct?

Yes, If you use the namespace. there is no need to inline the std::

Enquiries about printf function is more of a c question don't you think?

Ok thank you very much