//#include <iostream.h>    <--No need for this because fstream includes it
#include <iomanip.h>
#include <fstream.h>
int main()
     {
     char a, b, c, d;
 
     char ch;
 
     //four character arrays
     char stringOne[256];
     char stringTwo[256];
     char stringThree[256];
     char stringFour[] = "This is a string of characters!";
 
     cout << "Enter 3 letters: ";
 
     cin.get(a).get(b).get(c).get(d);
 
     cout << "A: " << a << endl
          << "B: " << b << endl
          << "C: " << c << endl
          << "D: " << d << endl; //for the terminating character thing
 
     cout << "Enter string one: ";
     cin.get(stringOne,256);
     cout << "stringOne: " << stringOne << endl << endl;
 
     cout << "Enter string two: ";
     cin >> stringTwo;
     cout << "stringTwo: " << stringTwo << endl << endl;
 
     /* If the user enters something with a space and then more after the space up in string two, then the remainder after
     the white space in string two will be left to linger in the input buffer and then will be immediatly put into string
     three below, you won't even get a chance to enter anything in string three */
 
     cout << "Enter string three: ";
     cin.getline(stringThree,256);
     cout << "stringThree: " << stringThree << endl << endl;
 
     cout << "Try again..." << endl << "Enter string two: ";
     cin >> stringTwo;
     cout << "stringTwo: " << stringTwo << endl << endl;
 
     cin.ignore(255,'\n');
 
     cout << "And now you actually get to enter string three: ";
     cin.getline(stringThree,256);
     cout << "stringThree: " << stringThree << endl << endl;
 
     /* The following section of code demonstrates the put() function */
 
     cout.put('H').put('e').put('l').put('l').put('o').put('\n');
 
     /* peek() and putback() */
 
     cout << "Enter a phrase: ";
          while ( cin.get(ch) )
               {
               if (ch == 'e')
                    {
                    cin.putback('E');
                    }
               else
                    {
                    cout << ch;
                    }
               while (cin.peek() == ' ')
                    {
                    cin.ignore(1,' ');
                    }
               if (ch == '\n')
                    {
                    break;
                    }
               }
 
     /* The write() function */
 
     int fullLength = strlen(stringFour);
     int tooShort = fullLength -4;
     int tooLong = fullLength + 6;
     cout << "using write(), with a parameter that's correct:" << endl;
     cout.write(stringFour,fullLength) << endl << endl;
     cout << "using write(), with a parameter that's too short:" << endl;
     cout.write(stringFour,tooShort) << endl << endl;
     cout << "using write(), with a parameter that's too long:" << endl;
     cout.write(stringFour,tooLong) << endl << endl;
     /* The width() function */
 
     cout << "Width function:";
     cout.width(25);
     cout << "The paramter was 25" << endl << endl;       
 
     cout << "Width function again:";
     cout.width(25);
     cout << "Paramter also 25\n";
     cout << "Width only goes to the NEXT output." << endl << endl;
 
     cout << "Width function AGAIN: ";
     cout.width(4);
     cout << "Paramter was 4, way too short, but that's the same as just enough." << endl << endl;
 
     /* The setf() function */
 
     const int number = 234;
 
     cout << "The number is: " << number << endl;
     cout << "That number, " << number << ", in hex is " << hex << number << endl;
 
     cout << "The hex number, with it's base shown: ";
     cout.setf(ios::showbase);
     cout << hex << number << endl;
 
     cout << "The number, formated with 10 width: ";
     cout.width(10);
     cout << hex << number << endl;   
 
     cout << "Number with alignment 'left': ";
     cout.width(10);
     cout.setf(ios::left);
     cout << hex << number << endl;
 
     cout << "Number with alignment 'internal': ";
     cout.width(10);
     cout.setf(ios::internal);
     cout << hex << number << endl;
 
     cout << "Using concatenated setw() to set width to 10:" 
          << setw(10) << hex << number << endl << endl;
     /* File reading and writing */
 
     char fileName[80];
     char buffer[255]; //for user input
 
     cout << "Enter filename: ";
     cin >> fileName;
 
     ofstream fout(fileName);  // open for writing
     fout << "This was written to file in the background..." << endl;
     cout << "Enter text for file writing: ";
     cin.ignore(1,'\n');  // eat the newline after the file name
     cin.getline(buffer,255);  // get the user's input
     fout << buffer << "\n";   // and write it to the file
     fout.close();             // close the file, ready for reopen
     ifstream fin(fileName);
     cout << "Here is what's currently in the file: " << endl;
 
     char ch2;
 
     while(fin.get(ch2))
          {
          cout << ch2;
          }
     cout << " -=-=-=-=-= End of file contents =-=-=-=-=- " << endl << endl;
 
     fin.close(); //just being neat and tidy     
 
     /* file writing in append mode */
 
     cout << "Opening file in append mode: " << endl;
     fout.open(fileName,ios::app); //reasign existing fout object
 
     if(!fout) //if unable to open file for output.... same as if(fout.fail())
          {
          cout << "Was unable to open file for output..." << endl;
          }
 
     cout << "Enter more text for the previous file: " << endl;
     cin.ignore(1,'\n');
     cin.getline(buffer,255);
     fout << buffer << "\n";
     fout.close();
     fin.open(fileName); //reasign existing fin object
     if(!fin) //if unable to open for file input
          {
          cout << "Unable to open for file input..." << endl;
          }
 
     cout << "Here's the contents of the file: " << endl;
     while(fin.get(ch2))
          {
          cout << ch2;
          }
     cout << " -=-=-=-=-= End of file contents =-=-=-=-=- " << endl << endl;
     fin.close();
 
     /* The fill() function */
 
     cout << "Using fill() to add astericks wherever whitespace is added from width(): " << endl;
     cout << "Start --> ";
     cout.width(25);
     cout.fill('*');
     cout << " <-- End" << endl << endl;
 
     system("PAUSE");
     return 0;
     }