function lowcase(s: string): string; var i: integer; begin s := upcase(s); for i := 1 to length(s) do begin if s[i] in ['A'..'z'] then // this is to check that s[i] is alphabetic begin s[i] := chr(ord(s[i]) + 32); // convert s[i] to a numeric value, then + 32 to it, and convert the final numeric value into a char end; end; lowcase := s; end;