Hey there,
In simple terms, bash is a Unix/Linux shell and scripting in it is just like using the shell in a more sophisticated (or readable ;) way. Awk is a standalone utility that you can launch from bash.
Bash can pretty much do anything (if you're creative) but awk is very well suited to rearranging fields and records in a files (I think it was mostly based on this when it first came out. It does have many features that define it now as a programming language, by strict standards)
Hope that helped :)
, Mike