Hmm, that's a very interesting question...
I tend to listen to a lot of different music at work and at home, but my choices usually depend on my mood and my activity rather than any specific language I might be using.
For example, if I'm debugging code, reviewing code, or doing anything that requires intense concentration; I'll usually throw on something more atmospheric. e.g. light classical, folk, acoustic, light jazz, ambient, industrial, noise or drone. But the exact selection will depend on my mood, so it could be anything from Norah Jones to Merzbow.
However, if I'm banging out code, then it'll be something with a bit more energy. Again this would depend on my mood, but I usually select something that I can rock out to when code-jamming! So it could be virtually anything from rock, metal, thrash, death/black metal and grindcore to dance, glitch, drum & bass, electro and industrial. I usually choose something technical or unusual (Tool, Meshuggah, Venetian Snares, Frontline Assembly etc.), but sometimes you can't beat something simple that rocks out in straight 4/4!
So going back to the original question, no I don't listen to a particular genre when programming in a particular language. But if I had to equate a programming language to a specific music genre then I guess this would be my list:
Assembly/Machine code:
Industrial/Electro Pop/New Wave (think Kraftwerk, Throbbing Gristle or Devo), full-fat geek!
C++:
Math Metal (Meshuggah, Dillinger Escape Plan, Converge etc) because like the language it's heavy and technical.
C:
Prog rock (Rush, Zappa, Gong), it's C++'s eccentric older brother. It's just as technical, perhaps not quite as heavy, but it still rocks after all these years!
VB.NET and C#
Would probably be Jazz, but I'm thinking more along the lines of Richard Cheese rather than traditional Jazz here. Because just as richard cheese does 'swankified' versions of contemporary hits; VB and C# are 'Swankified' versions of popular contemporary languages that came before them..heh heh!
Python
Would have to be classical, because it's elegant, verbose and refined
Brainf***
Would have to be Avant-Garde (Naked City, Mr Bungle), or some other madness inducing genre...'cause it's mad as a box of hats!
Cheers for now,
Jas.
BTW: Pardon my french, but there really is a programming language called Brainf***, I wasn't being gratuitously profane or anything! :)