Solved this. Thought I'd share in case anyone experiences this problem.
I could not access the Internet using HTTP because Trend Micro Antivirus was blocking port 80, which is most often used by HTTP. This is why I could not browse sites using HTTP while HTTPS and FTP, which use other ports, worked without issue.
To correct the problem, I uninstalled Trend Micro Antivirus and reinstalled AVG Antivirus. This lifted the block on port 80, allowing me to browse sites using HTTP. Interesting that uninstalling the software corrected the problem while temporally disabling Trend Micro, which I tried earlier, did nothing. I chose not to reinstall Trend Micro because AVG Antivirus is free and I did not have my Trend Micro product key at the time.
I have used Trend Micro Antivirus for little more than one year. Never had an issue like this. It came on suddenly. I wonder if Trend Micro could have issued a buggy update in October 2010 that caused port 80 to be blocked.