'=' : left operand must be l-value

[nurulshidanoni]

what is the =' : left operand must be l-value means?

error C2106: '=' : left operand must be l-value

#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>    // std::string
#include <vector>    // std::vector<>
#include <algorithm> //std::for each()
using namespace std; // import "std" namespace into global namespace

struct exam
{
int examid;
vector <int> total;
};

void SwapMembers (int items[], int index1, int index2)
{
	int temp;
	temp=items[index1];
	items[index1]=items[index2];
	items[index2]=temp;
}

	int main() 
	{
	ifstream stream1("STA83SOLUTION.txt");
		if ( !stream1.is_open())
		{
		cout << "While opening a file an error is encountered" << endl;
		} 
			else 
			{
			cout << "Fail Di buka....." << endl;
			}
	vector <exam> exams;
	exam aExam;
   int tempExamID;
    int tempTotal;
    stream1 >> tempExamID >> tempTotal;
    aExam.examid = tempExamID;
    aExam.total.push_back(tempTotal); // add this exam code to current student's vector of exam codes
    while (stream1 >> tempExamID >> tempTotal)
    {
        if(tempExamID != aExam.examid)
        {
        exams.push_back(aExam); // no more exam codes for this student.  Add aStudent to students vector
        aExam.total.clear();
        aExam.examid = tempExamID;
        }
        aExam.total.push_back(tempTotal); // add this exam code to current student's vector of exam codes
    }
    exams.push_back(aExam); // no more exam codes for this student.  Add aStudent to students vector
    stream1.close(); // We have read the entire file, so time to close it.
{
	ofstream myfile;
	myfile.open("411.txt");
	
	int temp, flag;
	if (myfile.is_open())
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < exams.size(); i++) 
		{
			for (size_t j = 0; j<exams.at(i).total.size(); j++) 
			{
				if (exams.at(i).total.size() < exams.at(i).total.size()+1)      // ascending order simply changes to <
				{ 
                    temp = exams.at(i).total.at(j);             // swap elements
                    exams.at(i).total.at(j) = exams.at(i).total.at(j)+1;
                    exams.at(i).total.at(j)+1 = temp;
                    flag = 1;               // indicates that a swap occurred.
                }

		cout<<"\n"<<i+1<<":"<<" "<< exams.at (i).total.at(j)<<"\t"; // output list of exam codes for this student
	  	cout<<" "<< exams.at (i).total.at(j)<<"\t";
			}
		}
	}
					
cin.get();
return 0;
}
}

[vmanes]

http://www.google.com/search?q=left+operand+must+be+l-value

It would be helpful if you told us on which line the error occurred. I'm guessing it's this one:

exams.at(i).total.at(j)+1 = temp;

After reading one or two of the google hits, you should see the error.

[nurulshidanoni]

yesss..but i dont understand the link that you give.

[vmanes]

Short version - the item on the left side of the assignment operator ( = ) must be something which may be modified - a single variable. Left side => l_value. So, you cannot write something like 12 = x * y; or int arr[10]; arr = 12; Now go back and look at your line 68 above.

[nurulshidanoni]

So, I must change like this?????

temp = exams.at(i).total.at(j);             // swap elements
                    exams.at(i).total.at(j) = exams.at(i).total.at(j+1);
                    temp = exams.at(i).total.at(j+1);
                    flag = 1;

[vmanes]

Almost. The problem you had was putting the +1 outside the parenthesis.
So, your code should be:

temp = exams.at(i).total.at(j);             // swap elements
exams.at(i).total.at(j) = exams.at(i).total.at(j+1);
exams.at(i).total.at(j+1) = temp;
flag = 1;

[nurulshidanoni]

i do like this but abnormal

#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>    // std::string
#include <vector>    // std::vector<>
#include <algorithm> //std::for each()
using namespace std; // import "std" namespace into global namespace

struct exam
{
int examid;
vector <int> total;
};

void SwapMembers (int items[], int index1, int index2)
{
	int temp;
	temp=items[index1];
	items[index1]=items[index2];
	items[index2]=temp;
}

	int main() 
	{
	ifstream stream1("STA83SOLUTION.txt");
		if ( !stream1.is_open())
		{
		cout << "While opening a file an error is encountered" << endl;
		} 
			else 
			{
			cout << "Fail Di buka....." << endl;
			}
	vector <exam> exams;
	exam aExam;
   int tempExamID;
    int tempTotal;
    stream1 >> tempExamID >> tempTotal;
    aExam.examid = tempExamID;
    aExam.total.push_back(tempTotal); // add this exam code to current student's vector of exam codes
    while (stream1 >> tempExamID >> tempTotal)
    {
        if(tempExamID != aExam.examid)
        {
        exams.push_back(aExam); // no more exam codes for this student.  Add aStudent to students vector
        aExam.total.clear();
        aExam.examid = tempExamID;
        }
        aExam.total.push_back(tempTotal); // add this exam code to current student's vector of exam codes
    }
    exams.push_back(aExam); // no more exam codes for this student.  Add aStudent to students vector
    stream1.close(); // We have read the entire file, so time to close it.
{
	ofstream myfile;
	myfile.open("411.txt");
	
	int temp, flag;
	if (myfile.is_open())
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < exams.size(); i++) 
		{
			flag=0;
			for (size_t j = 0; j<exams.at(i).total.size(); j++) 
			{
				if (exams.at(i).total.at(j+1) > exams.at(i).total.at(j) )     // ascending order simply changes to <
				{ 
                   temp=exams.at(i).total.at(j)   ;             // swap elements
                    exams.at(i).total.at(j) = exams.at(i).total.at(j+1);
                    exams.at(i).total.at(j+1) = temp;
                    flag = 1;               // indicates that a swap occurred.
                }

		cout<<"\n"<<i+1<<":"<<" "<< exams.at (i).total.at(j)<<"\t"; // output list of exam codes for this student
	  	cout<<" "<< exams.at (i).total.at(j)<<"\t";
			}
		}
	}

					
cin.get();
return 0;
}
}