c++ problem

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rramyaasmi 0 Newbie Poster

13 Years Ago

i have problem in running c++ program.iam getting more errors .can u help me to run it.

c++

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source_en.zip (4.23 KB)

Edited 13 Years Ago by rramyaasmi because: n/a

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Ancient Dragon 5,243 Achieved Level 70

13 Years Ago

you mean it won't compile? What compiler and operating system?

Fbody 682 Posting Maven

13 Years Ago

You really need to be more specific. Making such generic statements makes it very difficult for us to help you.

A linker error is returned when the implementation for a function you're calling can't be found. This typicallly happens because you either didn't include the proper object file in your linking process or you didn't properly implement a function that you called. Did you include the proper implementation file in your project?

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rramyaasmi 0 Newbie Poster · Answer 1 · 2010-10-22T23:35:25+00:00

you mean it won't compile? What compiler and operating system?

iam using dev-c++ IDE.iam gettin more linker error.i don't know to clear the errors.

rramyaasmi 0 Newbie Poster · Answer 2 · 2010-10-23T10:35:56+00:00

source_en .zip contains all files.Basically i don't know how to run it.if i compile each and every file iam gettin error in #include "   .h" so i combined .h files whereever needed. tats y iam gettin error.iam using dev c++ ide.

Ancient Dragon 5,243 Achieved Level 70 Team Colleague Featured Poster · Answer 3 · 2010-10-23T10:42:51+00:00

Please STOP putting your comments in code tags -- code tags are just for c++ code, not the comments you want to make.

winzip can not open the zip file you posted.

rramyaasmi 0 Newbie Poster · Answer 4 · 2010-10-23T11:56:51+00:00

rramyaasmi 0 Newbie Poster

13 Years Ago

sorry iam new to tis forum.here i attached files.help me to run tis file.
source code is for "arithmetic coding for data compression".

ArithmeticCoderC.cpp (4.46 KB)

#include "ArithmeticCoderC.h"
#include "tools.h"

// constants to split the number space of 32 bit integers
// most significant bit kept free to prevent overflows
const unsigned int g_FirstQuarter = 0x20000000;
const unsigned int g_ThirdQuarter = 0x60000000;
const unsigned int g_Half         = 0x40000000;

ArithmeticCoderC::ArithmeticCoderC()
{
	mBitCount = 0;
	mBitBuffer = 0;

	mLow = 0;
	mHigh = 0x7FFFFFFF; // just work with least significant 31 bits
	mScale = 0;

	mBuffer = 0;
	mStep = 0;
}

void ArithmeticCoderC::SetFile( fstream *file )
{
	mFile = file;
}

void ArithmeticCoderC::SetBit( const unsigned char bit )
{
	// add bit to the buffer
	mBitBuffer = (mBitBuffer << 1) | bit;
	mBitCount++;

	if(mBitCount == 8) // buffer full
	{
		// write
		mFile->write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&mBitBuffer),sizeof(mBitBuffer));
		mBitCount = 0;
	}
}

void ArithmeticCoderC::SetBitFlush()
{
	// fill buffer with 0 up to the next byte
	while( mBitCount != 0 )
		SetBit( 0 );
}

unsigned char ArithmeticCoderC::GetBit()
{
	if(mBitCount == 0) // buffer empty
	{
		if( !( mFile->eof() ) ) // file read completely?
			mFile->read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&mBitBuffer),sizeof(mBitBuffer));
		else
			mBitBuffer = 0; // append zeros

		mBitCount = 8;
	}

	// extract bit from buffer
	unsigned char bit = mBitBuffer >> 7;
	mBitBuffer <<= 1;
	mBitCount--;

	return bit;
}

void ArithmeticCoderC::Encode( const unsigned int low_count,
															 const unsigned int high_count,
															 const unsigned int total )
// total < 2^29
{
	// partition number space into single steps
	mStep = ( mHigh - mLow + 1 ) / total; // interval open at the top => +1

	// update upper bound
	mHigh = mLow + mStep * high_count - 1; // interval open at the top => -1

	// update lower bound
	mLow = mLow + mStep * low_count;

	// apply e1/e2 mapping
	while( ( mHigh < g_Half ) || ( mLow >= g_Half ) )
		{
			if( mHigh < g_Half )
			{
				SetBit( 0 );
				mLow = mLow * 2;
				mHigh = mHigh * 2 + 1;

				// perform e3 mappings
				for(; mScale > 0; mScale-- )
					SetBit( 1 );
			}
			else if( mLow >= g_Half )
			{
				SetBit( 1 );
				mLow = 2 * ( mLow - g_Half );
				mHigh = 2 * ( mHigh - g_Half ) + 1;

				// perform e3 mappings
				for(; mScale > 0; mScale-- )
					SetBit( 0 );
			}
		}

	// e3
	while( ( g_FirstQuarter <= mLow ) && ( mHigh < g_ThirdQuarter ) )
	{
		// keep necessary e3 mappings in mind
		mScale++;
		mLow = 2 * ( mLow - g_FirstQuarter );
		mHigh = 2 * ( mHigh - g_FirstQuarter ) + 1;
	}
}

void ArithmeticCoderC::EncodeFinish()
{
	// There are two possibilities of how mLow and mHigh can be distributed,
	// which means that two bits are enough to distinguish them.

	if( mLow < g_FirstQuarter ) // mLow < FirstQuarter < Half <= mHigh
	{
		SetBit( 0 );

		for( int i=0; i<mScale+1; i++ ) // perform e3-skaling
			SetBit(1);
	}
	else // mLow < Half < ThirdQuarter <= mHigh
	{
		SetBit( 1 ); // zeros added automatically by the decoder; no need to send them
	}

	// empty the output buffer
	SetBitFlush();
}

void ArithmeticCoderC::DecodeStart()
{
	// Fill buffer with bits from the input stream
	for( int i=0; i<31; i++ ) // just use the 31 least significant bits
		mBuffer = ( mBuffer << 1 ) | GetBit();
}

unsigned int ArithmeticCoderC::DecodeTarget( const unsigned int total )
// total < 2^29
{
	// split number space into single steps
	mStep = ( mHigh - mLow + 1 ) / total; // interval open at the top => +1

	// return current value
	return ( mBuffer - mLow ) / mStep;
}

void ArithmeticCoderC::Decode( const unsigned int low_count,
															 const unsigned int high_count )
{
	// update upper bound
	mHigh = mLow + mStep * high_count - 1; // interval open at the top => -1

	// update lower bound
	mLow = mLow + mStep * low_count;

	// e1/e2 mapping
	while( ( mHigh < g_Half ) || ( mLow >= g_Half ) )
		{
			if( mHigh < g_Half )
			{
				mLow = mLow * 2;
				mHigh = mHigh * 2 + 1;
				mBuffer = 2 * mBuffer + GetBit();
			}
			else if( mLow >= g_Half )
			{
				mLow = 2 * ( mLow - g_Half );
				mHigh = 2 * ( mHigh - g_Half ) + 1;
				mBuffer = 2 * ( mBuffer - g_Half ) + GetBit();
			}
			mScale = 0;
		}

	// e3 mapping
	while( ( g_FirstQuarter <= mLow ) && ( mHigh < g_ThirdQuarter ) )
	{
		mScale++;
		mLow = 2 * ( mLow - g_FirstQuarter );
		mHigh = 2 * ( mHigh - g_FirstQuarter ) + 1;
		mBuffer = 2 * ( mBuffer - g_FirstQuarter ) + GetBit();
	}
}

ArithmeticCoderC.h (0.9 KB)

#ifndef __ARITHMETICCODERC_H__
#define __ARITHMETICCODERC_H__

#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

class ArithmeticCoderC  
{
public:
	ArithmeticCoderC();

	void SetFile( fstream *file );

	void Encode( const unsigned int low_count, 
	             const unsigned int high_count, 
	             const unsigned int total );
	void EncodeFinish();

	void DecodeStart();
	unsigned int DecodeTarget( const unsigned int total );
	void Decode( const unsigned int low_count, 
							 const unsigned int high_count );

protected:
	// bit operations
	void SetBit( const unsigned char bit );
	void SetBitFlush();
	unsigned char GetBit();

	unsigned char mBitBuffer;
	unsigned char mBitCount;

	// in-/output stream
	fstream *mFile;

	// encoder & decoder
	unsigned int mLow;
	unsigned int mHigh;
	unsigned int mStep;
	unsigned int mScale;

	// decoder
	unsigned int mBuffer;
};

#endif

Main.cpp (1.28 KB)

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

#include "ModelOrder0C.h"

// signature: "ACMC" (0x434D4341, intel byte order)
const int g_Signature = 0x434D4341;

int __cdecl main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	cout << "Arithmetic Coding" << endl;

	if( argc != 3 )
	{
		cout << "Syntax: AC source target" << endl;
		return 1;
	}

	fstream source, target;
	ModelI* model;

	// choose model, here just order-0
	model = new ModelOrder0C;

	source.open( argv[1], ios::in | ios::binary );
	target.open( argv[2], ios::out | ios::binary );

	if( !source.is_open() )
	{
		cout << "Cannot open input stream";
		return 2;
	}
	if( !target.is_open() )
	{
		cout << "Cannot open output stream";
		return 3;
	}

	unsigned int signature;
	source.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&signature),sizeof(signature));
	if( signature == g_Signature )
	{
		cout << "Decoding " << argv[1] << " to " << argv[2] << endl;
		model->Process( &source, &target, MODE_DECODE );
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "Encoding " << argv[1] << " to " << argv[2] << endl;
		source.seekg( 0, ios::beg );
		target.write( reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&g_Signature),
									sizeof(g_Signature) );
		model->Process( &source, &target, MODE_ENCODE );
	}

	source.close();
	target.close();

	return 0;
}

ModelI.cpp (0.36 KB)

#include "ModelI.h"

void ModelI::Process( fstream *source, fstream *target, ModeE mode )
{
	mSource = source;
	mTarget = target;

	if( mode == MODE_ENCODE )
	{
		mAC.SetFile( mTarget );

		// encode
		Encode();

		mAC.EncodeFinish();
	}
	else // MODE_DECODE
	{
		mAC.SetFile( mSource );

		mAC.DecodeStart();

		// decode
		Decode();
	}
};

ModelI.h (0.37 KB)

#ifndef __MODELI_H__
#define __MODELI_H__

#include "ArithmeticCoderC.h"

enum ModeE
{
	MODE_ENCODE = 0,
	MODE_DECODE
};

class ModelI  
{
public:
	void Process( fstream *source, fstream *target, ModeE mode );

protected:
	virtual void Encode() = 0;
	virtual void Decode() = 0;

	ArithmeticCoderC mAC;
	fstream *mSource;
	fstream *mTarget;
};

#endif

ModelOrder0C.cpp (1.41 KB)

#include "ModelOrder0C.h"

ModelOrder0C::ModelOrder0C()
{
	// initialize probabilities with 1
	mTotal = 257; // 256 + escape symbol for termination
	for( unsigned int i=0; i<257; i++ )
		mCumCount[i] = 1;
}

void ModelOrder0C::Encode()
{

	while( !mSource->eof() )
	{
		unsigned char symbol;

		// read symbol
		mSource->read( reinterpret_cast<char*>(&symbol), sizeof( symbol ) );

		if( !mSource->eof() )
		{
			// cumulate frequencies
			unsigned int low_count = 0;
			for( unsigned char j=0; j<symbol; j++ )
				low_count += mCumCount[j];

			// encode symbol
			mAC.Encode( low_count, low_count + mCumCount[j], mTotal );

			// update model
			mCumCount[ symbol ]++;
			mTotal++;
		}
	}

	// write escape symbol for termination
	mAC.Encode( mTotal-1, mTotal, mTotal );
}

void ModelOrder0C::Decode()
{
	unsigned int symbol;

	do
	{
		unsigned int value;

		// read value
		value = mAC.DecodeTarget( mTotal );

		unsigned int low_count = 0;

		// determine symbol
		for( symbol=0; low_count + mCumCount[symbol] <= value; symbol++ )
			low_count += mCumCount[symbol];

		// write symbol
		if( symbol < 256 )
			mTarget->write( reinterpret_cast<char*>(&symbol), sizeof( char ) );

		// adapt decoder
		mAC.Decode( low_count, low_count + mCumCount[ symbol ] );

		// update model
		mCumCount[ symbol ]++;
		mTotal++;
	}
	while( symbol != 256 ); // until termination symbol read
}

ModelOrder0C.h (0.26 KB)

#ifndef __MODELORDER0C_H__
#define __MODELORDER0C_H__

#include "ModelI.h"

class ModelOrder0C : public ModelI  
{
public:
	ModelOrder0C();

protected:
	void Encode();
	void Decode();

	unsigned int mCumCount[ 257 ];
	unsigned int mTotal;
};

#endif

Tools.h (0.11 KB)

#ifndef __TOOLS_H__
#define __TOOLS_H__

int inline min( int a, int b )
{
	return a<b?a:b;
};

#endif

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