Try setting a static IP address in the Ubuntu installation, with the gateway address and the DNS server address being that of your router or modem/router.
So if the IP address of your modem/router is 192.168.1.254 you would set:
IP address: 192.168.1.199 (or any unused IP address)
Netmask: 192.168.1.0/24
Gateway: 192.168.1.254
DNS Server: 192.168.1.254
Change the above numbers to suit your own IP addresses.
If that fixes it, then it is/was a problem with DHCP allocation from the modem/router to the Ubuntu system.
If it doesn't, then you have other issues within the Ubuntu system which is/are causing the lack of network connectivity.