For Ubuntu, you want to download packages in .deb format, not in tar.gz or similar formats. You can use apt-get/aptitude to install packages in .deb format that you have on your computer without it being connected to the internet, unless there are missing dependencies, in which case you will need those packages (.deb files) as well.
Most of the time, packages in .gz or other compressed tar images are source code packages that you will have to configure and build with the gcc or other compilers. I don't recommend this for a new Linux user. I do it myself, but then I am a professional software developer with over 30 years experience, most of it in the unix/linux domains.
rubberman
Posting Maven
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What command did you use to try and install them (and include all options)?
rubberman
Posting Maven
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Honestly the repositories you said your computer does not have access to, is in the Terabytes.
I began down the Linux road being in your boat. Every time i needed a dependency i had to wait til i went back to work and downloaded it. I barely installed an mp3 player in 4 days using sneaker-net-Tech and no internet connection.
You do have the option to download (elsewhere) all the source DVD's and build your own repository locally. This is quite complicated as being an advanced setup.
The entire idea of *nix systems is to be connected to bigger and bigger systems, only downloading what you need when you need it @ each node.
But to answer the question @ hand is simple.
sudo -l
cd "/path/to/source/binary.tar.gz"
sudo tar -xf ./"binary.tar.gz"
cd "binary"
sudo ./configure
sudo make check
sudo make clean
sudo make
sudo make install
naphets
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