I'm not certain what the exact problem with your program is, but Dev-C++ is no longer in development, so the one that you can download will almost certainly have an older version of Mingw (Windows port of gcc/g++). That should mean that some portions of your program should run more readily on the Dev-C++ setup if they are less standards compliant. Since you are seeing the opposite effect, I'm not sure.
I did get some warnings when I compiled it with g++ 3.4.2 (which is about a full version behind but not as far back as the one that comes with Dev) and main should return an int according to the standard.
In function `bool checkBoard(int (*)[50], int, int)':
60: warning: unused variable 'counterD'
103: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
At global scope:
186: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of `main' with no type