#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main() 
{
	// Variables for used for user input
	int nbase;


	//  Users input is needed but no error checking is done as per lab instuctions
	cout << "Please enter your choice for conversion.  The letter O for octal OR B for binary!" << endl;
	cin >> nbase;

	if (nbase == 2 || nbase == 8)
	{
		int total;
		int r3;
		int r2;
		int r1;
		int r0;
		int convert;
		// char lbase;
		cout << "Please enter your four digit number!" << endl;
		cin >> total;

		//  The below math calculations break down the full four digit number so the user does not 
		//  have to enter 4 individual numbers.
		r3 = total / 1000;
		total = total - (r3 * 1000);
		r2 = total / 100;
		total = total - (r2 * 100);
		r1 = total / 10;
		total = total - (r1 * 10);
		r0 = total;
		
		if  (nbase == 2 && r3 && r2 && r1 && r0 <= 1 && r3 && r2 && r1 && r0 >= 0)
		{
			// This coverts the users numbers into the base specified earlier
			convert = nbase * nbase * nbase * r3 + nbase * nbase * r2 + nbase * r1 + r0;
			cout << "Your number converted to decimal is " << convert << endl;
		}
		else if (nbase == 8 && r3 && r2 && r1 && r0 <= 7 && r3 && r2 && r1 && r0 >= 0)
		{
			// This coverts the users numbers into the base specified earlier 
			convert = nbase * nbase * nbase * r3 + nbase * nbase * r2 + nbase * r1 + r0;
			cout << "Your number converted to decimal is " << convert << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << nbase << r3 << r2 << r1 << r0 << endl;
			cout << "You did not enter a valid number, try again" << endl;
		}
	}
	else
	cout << "You did not enter 2 or 8, try again" << endl;

	cin.get();
	return 0;
}

I'm having trouble on lines 36 and 42 of my code. No errors occur when I compile but I cannot get line 36 and 42 to work the way I want. When I pick 1010 for my four digit binary number it does not work but 1111 works fine. I already tried to cout all my variables around line 35 just before the If statement so I can make sure nothing is assigned incorrectly. All my variables seem to be alright and when I work out the math portion on paper it seems to be ok. Any advice would be appeciated.

If you intend to check if each r value is less than or equal to 1 then you must say

if(r3 <= 1 && r2 <= 1 && r1 <= 1 && r0 <= 1 )...

Do this for each of your statements that are not working correctly.
This should resolve your problem.
Is this your problem?

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