I think bash is a script language on Linux computers. I don't use Linux (yet), so I can't test it, but the program flow is easy to follow. The first part is a menu from which you select, and the second part is a case statement that activates a slected program on Linux.
Python does not have a case statement, but you can use a series of if/elif condionals or a dictionary made to look like a case statement. To run an external program from Python, you can use os.system("program")
Here is a simplified version in Python:
import os
while True:
print
print "PROGRAM MENU"
print "1 - open xmms"
print "2 - open emacs"
print "3 - open gparted"
print "4 - open gedit"
print "5 - open firefox"
print "6 - open gaim"
print "7 - open kopete"
print "8 - open console"
print "0 - exit program"
print
selection = input("Enter selection: ")
if selection >= 0:
break
if selection == 0:
raise SystemExit
elif selection == 1: os.system("xmms")
elif selection == 2: os.system("emacs")
elif selection == 3: os.system("sudo gparted")
elif selection == 4: os.system("gedit")
elif selection == 5: os.system("firefox")
elif selection == 6: os.system("gaim")
elif selection == 7: os.system("kopete")
elif selection == 8: os.system("konsole")
You can use function sys.exc_info() to fetch the error created by my_program.py:
# save as my_file.py
# executes a file my_program.py which has an error
from Tkinter import*
import sys
root=Tk()
text=Text()
text.pack()
try:
execfile('my_program.py')
except:
error = "%s --> %s in file my_program.py"% (sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1])
# put error msg raised by my_program.py into text field
text.insert(END, error)
mainloop()
I am always surprised by the things Python can do! Have fun with Python!
2) define your functions outside of the conditional if, or Python will redefine your functions whenever you take a test. This would slow down the program. The memory manager cleans up properly though.
3) use a try/except to protect against non numeric entries
Here is the code sample updated:
#true = 1 # Python has True = 1
#false = 0 # Python has False = 0
def get_questions(x = -1):
lista = [["What colour is the daytime sky on a clear day?","blue"],
["What is the answer to life, the universe and everything?","42"],
["What is a three letter word for mouse trap?","cat"],
["What noise does a truly advanced machine make?","ping"]]
if x == -1:
return lista
else: #of course, it's recommended to check if x is out of bounds
return lista[x]
def check_question(question_and_answer):
question = question_and_answer[0]
answer = question_and_answer[1]
given_answer = raw_input(question)
if answer == given_answer:
print "Correct"
return True
else:
print "Incorrect, correct was: ",answer
return False
def run_test(questions):
if len(questions) == 0:
print "No questions were given."
return
index = 0
right = 0
while index < len(questions):
if check_question(questions[index]):
right = right + 1
index = index + 1
print "You got ", right*100/len(questions),"% right out of",len(questions)
menu_item = 0
while menu_item != 9:
print "------------------------------------"
print "1. Take test"
print "2. Display all questions and answers."
print "9. quit"
try:
menu_item = …
You can search the Python snippets and this forum for other things like lists, strings, dictionaries, tuples, file handling and so on.
Different text types are the realm of GUI programming with Tkinter for instance. Here is an example of a Tkinter GUI program that sets a text font and uses random:
# display random sentences from a list using colorful Tkinter
from Tkinter import *
import random
black = '#000000'
blue = '#0000FF'
red = '#FF0000'
yellow = '#FFFF00'
lime = '#00FF00'
sentenceList = [
'the dog is on skates',
'the bird is on a plane',
'the pig rides the horse',
'the snake is on rollerskates',
'the fish drives a car']
def setText():
str1 = random.choice(sentenceList)
push1.config(text=str1)
#create the form
form1 = Tk()
# set the form's title
form1.title('Random Text')
# create a button
push1 = Button(form1, text='Click to set new text .............', command=setText)
# configure the button's text font and foreground/background colors
push1.config(height=3, font=('times', 20, 'bold'), fg=black, bg=yellow)
# pack the button into the frame
push1.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
# start the event loop (run the program)
form1.mainloop()
Once you go to GUI programming, your approach has to change past just making labels. User actions are initiated by clicking on buttons, data is entered in an entry widget, results and messages can be displayed in labels.
Get used to callback functions. Also, you might as well start a class Risk, so variables are transferred properly via the self. prefix. Just a little extra learning curve here! GUI programming is not too hard, just a mildly different way of thinking
The common way to save data each time you use a program is to save it to a data file. Then bring in the latest saved data each time the program is run. If you want to save data as an object like a complete list, use the module pickle or cpickle.
# write out each text containing line
# (other than '\n') to a separate file
str1 = """sentence one
sentence two
sentence three
"""
# write str1 to the test file
fout = open("test.txt", "w")
fout.write(str1)
fout.close()
# read the test file as a list of lines
fin = open("test.txt", "r")
list1 = fin.readlines()
fin.close()
print list1 # just testing
n = 0
for line in list1:
if len(line) > 1:
n += 1
filename = "test%d.txt" % n
fout = open(filename, "w")
fout.write(line)
fout.close()
print "%s --> %s" % (line, filename) # just testing
The international forces act as police, training cadre for the Iraqi armed forces, and as construction crews to rebuild damage done to Iraqi infrastructure during the war.
I have buddies in the US Army that tell me that the few Dutch soldiers are too busy with their hairnets to do any good! You must be sponsored by the Shell Oil Company that has huge interests in Iraq.
We went into Iraq without real goals. Well, the original goals (removal of WMD) were fake.
If we would have spend the trillions of borrowed Dollars on alternative energy, we wouldn't have to worry about gas prices, home heating and home cooling. Research, development and manufacture of alternative energy like wind, solar, bio-diesel, ethanol, butanol, fusion (cold or hot) would have created a lot of good paying constructive jobs.
Well, now we don't have any money left, and future generations of hamburger flippers are stuck with paying off the debt! Just my limited opinion.
I have been in Las Vegas with some friends on the weekend, and the beer or shots are free as long as you play the penny slots. Of course, these folks want you to loosen up and waste your money on their machines or the tables.
Vega, your are right! In the real world it is more important to be out on the market with a working program at the right time. There are a few cases, where it is critical to milk the speed of program execution for every microsecond.
If it's anything like the sleep(t) function I have been using with C++, there is no way to stop it early. Maybe ctrl/alt/del, but that is not what you want to normally do.
