Ok, sorry for so many posts, but I'm only allowed to edit for 30 minutes, which I've exceeded. I fixed your classes so that when you click on the combo box, it updates the text fields with the default text that you had there. So now that works. I'm going to let you struggle with it a little bit more though. Keep in mind my suggestions, particularly the second suggestion in my previous post:
Your Progression Object that you created and your KeyCards Object that you created do not have the same JTextFields. So when you were updating the Progressions' JTextFields, which were not on the GUI, the GUI's JTextFields (which were from the KeyCards Object) were not being updated.
Here is your code with the changes I made to it. The changes I made to it are primary passing the KeyCards Object to your Progression class's showKey method, so look for the method
showKeys(KeyCards kc) //in Progression class