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Imagine my surprise when I learned this morning that an [URL="http://news.cnet.com/8301-13924_3-10216733-64.html?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-5"]IBM researcher believes[/URL] that Moore's Law-- that the number of transistors on a micro processor would double nearly every two years-- could be nearing the end of its run. Amazingly Moore made this prediction in 1965 and his law has …

In my article on [Image Analysis Using OpenAI GPT-4o Model](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/542030/image-analysis-using-openai-gpt-4o-model), I explained how GPT-4o model allows you to analyze images and answer questions related images precisely. In this article, I will show you how to analyze images with the [Anthropic Claude 3.5 Sonnet](https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-3-5-sonnet) model, which has shown state-of-the-art performance for …

On July 18th, 2024, [OpenAI released GPT-4o mini](https://openai.com/index/gpt-4o-mini-advancing-cost-efficient-intelligence/), their most cost-efficient small model. GPT-4o mini is around 60% cheaper than GPT-3.5 Turbo and around 97% cheaper than GPT-4o. As per OpenAI, GPT-4o mini outperforms GPT-3.5 Turbo on almost all benchmarks while being cheaper. In this article, we will compare the …

In my [previous article](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/542132/comparing-gpt-4o-vs-claude-3-5-sonnet-for-zero-shot-text-classification) I presented results comparing Anthropic [Claude 3.5 Sonnet](https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-3-5-sonnet) and [OpenAI GPT-4o](https://openai.com/index/hello-gpt-4o/) models for zero-shot text classification. The results showed that the Claude 3.5 Sonnet significantly outperformed GPT-4o. These results motivated me to develop a simple retrieval augmented generation system with [LangChain](https://www.langchain.com/) that enables the Claude 3.5 …

Are you interested in finding out what a YouTube channel mostly discusses? Do you want to analyze YouTube videos of a specific channel? If yes, we are in the same boat. YouTube video titles are a great way to determine the channel's primary focus. Plotting a word cloud or a …

On June 20, 2024, Anthropic released the [Claude 3.5 sonnet](https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-3-5-sonnet) large language model. Claude claims it to be the state-of-the-art model for many natural language processing tasks, surpassing the [OpenAI GPT-4o model](https://openai.com/index/hello-gpt-4o/). My first test for comparing two large language models is their zero-shot text classification ability. In this article, …

As a data scientist, I have extensively used the Hugging Face library for processing unstructured data such as images, text, and audio. My previous blogs have covered various transformer models for these types of data. Lately, however, I discovered that Hugging Face also provides transformer models for tabular data. One …

# Comparison Between Fine-tuned and Default GPT-3 Turbo for Text Classification In one of my previous articles, I showed you how to perform [zero-shot text classification using OpenAI GPT-4o and Meta Llama 3 models](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/542001/openai-gpt-4o-vs-meta-llama-3-for-zero-shot-text-classifiation). I used the default models for predicting sentiments of airline tweets. The default models perform substantially …

OpenAI announced the [GPT-4o (omni)](https://community.openai.com/t/announcing-gpt-4o-in-the-api/744700) model on May 13, 2024. The GPT-4o model, as the name suggests, can process multimodal inputs, such as text, image, and speech. As per OpenAI, GPT-4o is the state-of-the-art and best-performing large language model. Among GPT-4o's many capabilities, I found its ability to analyze images …

On April 18, 2024, Meta AI released [Llama 3](https://ai.meta.com/blog/meta-llama-3/), which they claimed to be the most capable openly available LLM to date. Concurrently, OpenAI announced [GPT-4o (omni)](https://community.openai.com/t/announcing-gpt-4o-in-the-api/744700) on May 13, 2024, which is touted as the state-of-the-art proprietary model for various NLP benchmarks. As a guy who loves to compare …

In this tutorial, you will see how to generate stunning AI-generated images from text inputs using state-of-the-art diffusion models from [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/). You'll learn about base diffusion models and how combining them with a refiner creates even more detailed, refined results. Diffusion models are powerful because they iteratively refine an …

## Introduction Text-to-speech (TTS) technology has revolutionized how we interact with devices, making accessing content through auditory means easier. TTS is vital in various applications such as virtual assistants, audiobooks, accessibility tools for the visually impaired, and language learning platforms. This tutorial will explore how to convert text-to-speech using Hugging …

In a previous article, I explained [how to extract tabular data from PDF image documents using Multimodal Google Gemini Pro](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/541449/pdf-image-table-extractor-web-app-with-google-gemini-pro-and-streamlit#post2296083). However, there are a couple of disadvantages with Google Gemini Pro. First, Google Gemini Pro is not free, and second, it needs complex prompt engineering to retrieve table, columns, and …

The advent of large language models (LLM) has replaced complex scripts with natural language for automating various tasks. You can now use LLM to interact with your databases using natural language, which makes life easier for people who do not have sufficient SQL knowledge. In this article, you will learn …

In this tutorial, you will see how to summarize YouTube video transcriptions using [Distil Whisper large V3](https://huggingface.co/distil-whisper/distil-large-v3) and [Mistral-7b-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2). Both Distill Whisper Large V3 and Mistral-7B-Instruct models are open-source and free-to-use models. The Distil Whisper large V3 model is a faster and smaller variant of the [Whisper large V3 model](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-large-v3), …

In my [previous articles](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/541732/paris-olympics-ticket-information-chatbot-with-memory-using-langchain), I explained how to develop customized chatbots using Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) approach in [LangChain](https://www.langchain.com/). However, I used proprietary models such as OpenAI, which can be expensive when you try to scale. In this article, I will show you how to use the open-source and free-of-cost …

In previous articles, I explained how to use natural language to interact with [PDF documents](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/541732/paris-olympics-ticket-information-chatbot-with-memory-using-langchain) and [SQL databases](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/541771/using-natural-language-to-query-sql-databases-with-python-langchain-module), using the Python [LangChain module](https://python.langchain.com/docs/get_started/introduction) and [OpenAI API](https://openai.com/blog/openai-api). In this article, you will learn how to use LangChain and OpenAI API to create a question-answering application that allows you to retrieve information …

In my previous article, I explained how I developed a simple chatbot using LangChain and Chat-GPT that can answer queries related to Paris Olympics ticket prices. However, one major drawback with that chatbot is that it can only generate a single response based on user queries. It can not answer …

I was searching for Paris Olympics ticket prices for tennis games recently. The official website directs you to a [PDF document](https://tickets.paris2024.org/obj/media/FR-Paris2024/ticket-prices.pdf) containing ticket prices and venues for all the games. However, I found the PDF document to be very hard to navigate. To make things easier, I developed a chatbot …

On March 4, 2024, [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com/) launched the [Claude 3 family of large language models](https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-3-family). Anthropic claimed that its Claude 3 Opus model outperforms GPT-4 on various benchmarks. Intrigued by Anthropic's claim, I performed a simple test to compare the performances of Claude 3 Opus, [Google Gemini Pro](https://deepmind.google/technologies/gemini/#introduction), and [OpenAI's GPT-4](https://openai.com/research/gpt-4) …

In the rapidly evolving field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), open-source large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular as they are free to use. Among these, the [Mistral](https://docs.mistral.ai/models/) family of models stands out as a state-of-the-art model that is freely accessible to the public. Comparable in performance to the …

In a previous article, I explained [how to fine-tune Google's Gemma model for text classification](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/541544/fine-tuning-google-gemma-model-for-text-classification-in-python). In this article, I will explain how you can improve performance of a pretrained large language model (LLM) using retrieval augmented generation (RAG) technique. So, let's begin without ado. ## What is Retrieval Augmented Generation …

I am a first-year university student from China. My major is Computer Science and Technology. I have been self-learning C++and data structures and algorithms recently. May I ask how I can learn them well? Is anyone interested in being my teacher or learning with friends? (Machine translation, my English is …

On February 21, 2024, Google released [Gemma](https://ai.google.dev/gemma), a family of state-of-the-art open-source large language models (LLMs). As per initial results, its 7b (seven billion parameter) version is known to perform better than Meta's [Llama 2](https://llama.meta.com/), the previous state-of-the-art open-source LLM. As always, my first test with any new open-source LLM …

Integrating language models like ChatGPT into third-party applications has become increasingly popular due to their ability to comprehend and generate human-like text. However, it's crucial to acknowledge the limitations of ChatGPT, such as its knowledge cut-off date in September 2021 and its inability to access external sources like Wikipedia or …

In my previous article, I explained [how to convert PDF image to CSV using Multimodal Google Gemini Pro](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/541365/converting-pdf-image-to-csv-using-multimodal-google-gemini-pro). To do so, I wrote a Python script that passes text command to [Google Gemino Pro](https://blog.google/technology/ai/google-gemini-ai/) for extracting tables from PDF images and storing them in a CSV file. In this article, …

In this article, you will learn to use [Google Gemini Pro](https://blog.google/technology/ai/google-gemini-ai/), a state-of-the-art multimodal generative model, to extract information from PDF and convert it to CSV files. You will use a simple text prompt to tell Google Gemini Pro about the information you want to extract. This is a valuable …

## Introduction ## In a previous article, I explained [how to fine-tune the vision transformer model for image classification in PyTorch](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/540749/fine-tuning-vision-transformer-for-image-classification-in-pytorch). In this article, I will explain how to fine-tune the pre-trained OpenAI Whisper model for audio classification in PyTorch. Audio classification is an important task that can be applied …

In this article, you will learn how to track faces within a video using the Python DeepFace library. Additionally, you'll discover how to include portions of the video background in face tracking by implementing custom methods that utilize the DeepFace library's `extract_faces()` method for face extraction. I explained how to …