As far as I am aware you can't use FROM in your UPDATE statement, you need to put it in a sub-query. For example:
UPDATE company_alert
SET company_alert=
(SELECT company_financial.receivable FROM company_financial INNER JOIN company_alert
ON company_alert.stock_code=company_financial.stock_code
WHERE company_financial.year_id=company_alert.year_id)
This may not work, but it should give you the idea.