Member Avatar for Jiro90

Can anyone explain the flow chart or algorithm of the program attach? The program is about LCD clock but I don't know how it works. I need it by tomorrow so please help me take a look. Thanks

;<  LCD Clock - PIC16F84A and HD44780 Liquid Crystal Display  >;
;This code assumes a 4MHz Xtal and has been tested on a        ;
;PIC16f84A-04 and a HD44780 compatible 16x2 Liquid Crystal     ;
;Display Module. For some reason, the second line of the       ;
;display in my module was at address 40 decimal (28 hex). All  ;
;data sheets I could find state this to be 64 decimal, i.e.,   ;
;40 hex. I might have found an oddball display, or somebody    ;
;somewhere might just have become hexed and confused the dec   ;
;and hex formats.                                              ;
;                                                              ;
;Evidently, if you run into difficulties with that second      ;
;line, you might have to experiment with the address of that   ;
;seventeenth character.                                        ;
;                                                              ;
;            Or maybe a hex inverter might help.               ;
;                                                              ;
processor 16f84A
 radix   hex
 __config 0x3ff1 ;WDT OFF, pwrup timer ON, XT osc
;
;---------------------------------------------------------------
;   Parameter equates
POSITION    equ     0x04    ;middle of first line
;
;---------------------------------------------------------------
;       cpu equates (memory map)
indf        equ     0x00
tmr0        equ     0x01
pcl         equ     0x02
status      equ     0x03
fsr         equ     0x04
porta       equ     0x05    ;five lines available
portb       equ     0x06
portc       equ     0x07    ;not available
eedata      equ     0x08
eeadr       equ     0x09
pclath      equ     0x0a
intcon      equ     0x0b
option_reg  equ     0x81
trisa       equ     0x85
trisb       equ     0x86
trisc       equ     0x87    ;not available
eecon1      equ     0x88
eecon2      equ     0x89
;
;---------------------------------------------------------------
; bit equates
c   equ 0
dc  equ 1
z   equ 2
rp0 equ 5
gie equ 7
;
;---------------------------------------------------------------
; Variables in RAM.
;---------------------------------------------------------------
;
safe_w  equ     0x0c    ;w stored here during int service
safe_s  equ     0x0d    ;status stored here likewise
flags   equ     0x0e    ;array of bits as semaphores
hours   equ     0x0f    ;00 to 23 BCD, display format
minutes equ     0x10    ;00 to 59 BCD, display format
seconds equ     0x11    ;00 to 59 BCD, display format
timeout equ     0x12    ;notify int timeouts
tick_hi equ     0x13    ;incremented each interrupt
tick_lo equ     0x14    ;
count1  equ     0x15    ;delay counter and 
count2  equ     0x16    ;temporary storage
lcdbuf  equ     0x17    ;Start of Display buffer area
;
;---------------------------------------------------------------
;Port A definitions
;---------------------------------------------------------------
PORTA_CONF  equ     0   ; all outputs
BLINK       equ     4   ;Flashing LED for seconds - connect
                        ;between Vcc and RA4 with a 470 ohm
                        ;series resistor. Serves to check
                        ;whether the PIC is running, if
                        ;the display remains blank.
                        ;
LCD_EN      equ     1   ;Enable input of the LCD module
LCD_RS      equ     0   ;Register Select of the LCD module
;---------------------------------------------------------------
; Port B definitions - keys for setting the time
;---------------------------------------------------------------
PORTB_CONF  equ 0x0f
MIN_SET     equ 0       ;Minutes set button----------- IN
TEN_SET     equ 1       ;Set Tens of MIN-------------- IN
HR_SET      equ 2       ;Hours set button------------- IN
TENH_SET    equ 3       ;Set Tens of Hours------------ IN
;
;      RB4 -- DB4       ;The higher nibble of Port B--OUT
;      RB5 -- DB5       ;connects to the higher order-OUT
;      RB6 -- DB6       ;four data lines of the-------OUT
;      RB7 -- DB7       ;Liquid Crystal Display-------OUT
;===============================================================
;
;       PROGRAM CODE STARTS HERE
;
;===============================================================
; Start of ROM
;---------------------------------------------------------------
 org        0x00        ;Start of code space
 call       Ram_init    ;set variables to nice values
 call       Timer_init  ;start timer based interrupt
 call       Port_init   ;set the ports as needed
 goto       Start       ;the rest of the startup sequence
;---------------------------------------------------------------
;  INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINE
;---------------------------------------------------------------
 org        0x04        ;interrupt vector
Intsvc
 movwf      safe_w      ;save w
 swapf      status,w    ;exchange w and f
 movwf      safe_s      ;save status with swapped nibbles
;---------------------------------------------------------------
; done saving, now start working
;---------------------------------------------------------------
 movlw      0x08        ;****CHANGE FOR OTHER XTAL FREQ****
 addwf      tmr0,f      ; 4MHz = 4 x 250 x 4000 Hz
 incf       tick_lo,f   ; adjust timer reload value
 btfsc      status,z    ; to make it count to 250 giving
 incfsz     tick_hi,f   ; 4000 interrupts every second.
 goto       Tick_out    ; Increment the tick each time.
;---------------------------------------------------------------
; here? tick has rolled over to zero and one second
; has passed. Reload tick and increment timeout counter
;---------------------------------------------------------------
 movlw      0xf0        ;4000 = 0x0FA0
 movwf      tick_hi     ;0 - 0x0FA0 = 0xF060
 movlw      0x60
 movwf      tick_lo
 incf       timeout,f   ;increment timeout counter
;---------------------------------------------------------------
; done working, start restoring
;---------------------------------------------------------------
Tick_out
 swapf      safe_s,w    ;fetch status, reswap nibbles
 movwf      status      ;restore status
 swapf      safe_w,f    ;swap nibbles in preparation
 swapf      safe_w,w    ;for the swap restoration of w
 bcf        intcon,2    ;clear interrupt flag before
 retfie                 ;returning from interrupt
;===============================================================
;                SUBROUTINES START HERE
;===============================================================
; clear important bits of ram
;---------------------------------------------------------------
Ram_init
 movlw      0xf0
 movwf      tick_hi
 movlw      0x60
 movwf      tick_lo
 movlw      0x12        ;clocks always start
 movwf      hours       ;at 12:00. It's official.
 movlw      0x00
 movwf      minutes
 movwf      seconds
 movwf      flags
 movwf      timeout
 return
;---------------------------------------------------------------
; get timer-based interrupts going
;---------------------------------------------------------------
Timer_init
 bcf        intcon,2    ;clear tmr0 int flag
 bsf        intcon,gie  ;enable global interrupts
 bsf        intcon,5    ;enable tmr0 int
 movlw      0x58        ;set up timer. No prescaler
 option                 ;Port B pullups enabled - WARNING:
 clrf       tmr0        ;start timer - Use of this instruction
 return                 ;            - is not recommended
;---------------------------------------------------------------
;  Port initialiser
;---------------------------------------------------------------
Port_init
 bsf        status,rp0  ;select correct bank
 movlw      PORTA_CONF
 movwf      trisa^80h   ;flip highest bit of address
 movlw      PORTB_CONF  ;to suppress that message about
 movwf      trisb^80h   ;ensuring bank bits being correct
 bcf        status,rp0  ;back to bank zero
 return
;---------------------------------------------------------------
;  Initialise Liquid Crystal Display Module
;---------------------------------------------------------------
Lcd_init
 bcf    porta,LCD_EN    ;E line low
 bcf    porta,LCD_RS    ;RS line low, set up for control
 movlw  0x3f            ;8-bit, 5X7
 call   Pulse           ;enable pulse, then wait some time
 movlw  0x3f            ;the previous instruction might have
 call   Pulse           ;been ignored, so send the same thing
 movlw  0x3f            ;again two more times just to make
 call   Pulse           ;sure the module gets the right idea.
 movlw  0x2f            ;4-bit, 5x7
 call   Pulse           ;LCD is now in 4 bit mode. Succeeding
                        ;instructions and data must be in
                        ;two writes per transfer
 ;
 movlw  0x0f
 call   Pulse
 movlw  0xff            ;display on - instruction 0F
 call   Pulse
;
 movlw  0x0f
 call   Pulse
 movlw  0x6f            ;increment mode, no display shift - 06
 call   Pulse
                        ;delay 5 milliseconds - required
 goto   del_5           ;before sending data
;---------------------------------------------------------------
; Fill Display Buffer area with Blanks
;---------------------------------------------------------------
Blank
 movlw  lcdbuf
 movwf  fsr
 movlw  0x20    ;32 spaces to be stored starting at lcdbuf
 movwf  count1  ;0x20 happens to be the code for 
 ;movlw  ' '    ;ASCII space. Clever, huh?
loop
 movwf  indf
 incf   fsr,f
 decfsz count1,f
 goto   loop
 return
;===============================================================
;   End of Initialise code. Main routines start here
;===============================================================
; increment seconds or minutes modulo 60 and hours modulo 24
;---------------------------------------------------------------
BCDCount
 movlw  0x99
 goto   test        ;modulo hundred for BCD Counter
Mod24
 movlw  0x23
 goto   test
Mod60
 movlw  0x59
test
 xorwf  indf,w
 btfsc  status,z
 goto   carry
 movlw  0x07
 addwf  indf,w      ;try adding 7
 btfss  status,dc   ;digit carry?
 addlw  0xfa        ;no, take away six: 256 - 6 = 0xfa
 movwf  indf        ;store
 ret
  • 2 Contributors
  • 3 Replies
  • 97 Views
  • 12 Hours Discussion Span
  • Latest Post Latest Post by wildgoose

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Member Avatar for wildgoose

Sorry, too late for me tonight to pick this thing apart!

What flowchart?
The LCD is a 16x2,
The PIC uses 32 byte LCD shadow buffer in ram.

RA4 = LED L=On H=Off
RA1 = LCD Enable 1=Enable __/--\__
RA0 = RS 0=instruction 1=data

RB4...RB7 (out) are upper 4 bits of data to LCD
RB3 (in) Tens of hours Button
RB2 (in) Hours Button
RB1 (in) Tens minute Button
RB0 (in) Minutes Button

Has four buttons for setting time on PortB 0...3

Member Avatar for Jiro90

Thanks, but that all the program works? It seems to be very long program. And also did the program mention about the LCD clock is in Parallel connection or Serial Connection?

Member Avatar for wildgoose

It'sin parallel. The Enable pin is more like a clock, as it clocks in the data. The part I didn't see is that it has eight data lines. The upper 8-bits are connected to Port B RB4-RB7. The chip has an 8-bit and 4-bit operation, and its being used in 4-bit mode. The upper four bits are transferred first, then the lower four bits. The chip uses pin RB7 as a handshake pin to indicate that write has been completed! The chip can read and write.
I'm not sure how the chip knows its in 4-bit versus 8-bit mode! It may be related to the timing sequence. It appears that its timing based, 8-bit uses one enable pulse, and 4-bit uses two enable pulse. The falling edge is the trigger to start the operration.
The LCD has a reprogrammable 256 character generator for changing the font characters.

The code stores its hour, min, second in BCD and then convert it to ASCII and store it in the LCD shadow. Then when a change occurs, clocks the 32 character data bytes from the shadow into the LCD display buffer. You set the write data address but the chip has an auto-increment so once a memory address has been clocked, it advances to the next.

Here's a link I found to the LCD chip.

Read the specs.

http://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/63673/HITACHI/HD44780.html

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