Is there any way for an application to wait for a period of time and then kill a file?

If you do not want to block application execution, use Timer control:

Timer1.Interval = 10000
Timer1.Start()

Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick
  My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("<file to delete>")
End Sub

If you can block your application execution:

Threading.Thread.Sleep(10000)
My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("<file to delete>")

In both cases the delay is 10 seconds (10 000 milliseconds).

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