> Or should I figure out how to use Visual Studio to do it?
Visual Studio won't do it for you since its an IDE, not a language. Standard C++ has no inbuilt support for GUI, Networking and the likes. You have to resort to third party libraries.
> Should I just try to get to grips with the above two libraries?
Considering your project deadline, making use of premade libraries would be a wise choice. They would drastically reduce your development time.
As for the part about randomly choosing an image, you can iterate through the contents of the directory using Boost libraries, so it shouldn't be a problem as such.