An air-powered iPhone within five years?

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Now that's what I call a really cool idea, an air-fuelled battery for the ever popular iPhone. Actually, it is more than an idea, this is a development with legs. University researchers in the UK, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) have designed something called the STAIR cell.

The STAIR, short for St Andrews Air (the University of St Andrews is the lead researcher on the project) battery uses oxygen drawn from thin air to produce a reaction within porous carbon to create the electrical charge.

The good news being that this pretty green and clean device can theoretically last around ten times as long as current battery technologies. According to the boffins at EPSRC the new design has the potential to "improve the performance of portable electronic products and give a major boost to the renewable energy industry" mainly because it can "enable a constant electrical output from sources such as wind or solar, which stop generating when the weather changes or night falls."

Even better news, the STAIR cell should be cheaper than current rechargeable batteries as the main new component is constructed from porous carbon which is much less expensive that lithium cobalt oxide which it replaces in current battery designs. The University of St Andrews design replaces the lithium cobalt oxide electrode with a porous carbon electrode and allows Li+ and e- in the cell to react with oxygen from the air. Initial results from the project found a capacity to weight ratio of 1,000 milli-amp / hours per gram of carbon (mA/hours/g), while recent work has obtained results of up to 4,000 mA/hours/g.

The research project has been running for two years, and has another two to run. It builds on the discovery that the particular carbon component’s interaction with air can be repeated, creating a cycle of charge and discharge.

Principal investigator on the project, Professor Peter Bruce of the Chemistry Department at the University of St Andrews, told us "Our target is to get a five to ten fold increase in storage capacity, which is beyond the horizon of current lithium batteries. Our results so far are very encouraging and have far exceeded our expectations."

The STAIR cell should be available commercially within five years, and the first products will be aimed at small applications such as the iPhone. Certainly it should be a lot cooler than an iPhone battery which sets fire to your pants!


Dani AI

Generated

As flagged back in 2009, the STAIR (St Andrews Air) idea — an electrode that uses oxygen from the atmosphere to boost capacity — created a lot of excitement and press coverage, and the team estimated commercial products within a few years. That early publicity was accurate about the promise, but the timetable turned out to be optimistic. . (phys.org)

Why the buzz? Removing oxygen as an on‑board reagent gives a very high theoretical energy density compared with conventional Li‑ion cells: you don’t carry the oxygen, so for the same mass you can store much more energy. The basic architecture replaces a dense metal‑oxide positive electrode with a porous carbon/air electrode and relies on oxygen reduction/oxidation at that cathode — a concept reviewed in the literature as the lithium–oxygen (Li–O2 / Li–air) family of chemistries. Recent reviews cover the promise and the major practical limits facing the concept.. (sciencedirect.com)

The hard reality is engineering, not imagination. Lab teams have repeatedly shown large single‑cell capacities, but long‑term reversibility in real air is hard: discharge products (Li2O2, LiOH) can clog pores, electrolytes and carbon cathodes suffer parasitic chemistry, ambient CO2/H2O cause side reactions, and lithium metal anodes grow dendrites. Some high‑profile advances (for example the LiOH cycling work) required pure O2 or carefully controlled chemistries rather than room air, and follow‑up work has focused on redox mediators and catalyst design to move reactions into solution and speed charge/discharge — promising, but still mainly lab demonstrations. (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

Bottom line: the STAIR idea remains influential, but an “air‑powered iPhone” did not arrive within five years and Li‑air has not become a consumer smartphone battery as of the latest reviews. Expect continued lab progress (watch redox mediators, oxygen catalysts, solid electrolytes and protective interlayers), but for practical phone gains in the short term look to incremental Li‑ion advances (cell chemistry, silicon‑rich anodes, packaging and power‑management) rather than a full Li‑air leap. State‑of‑the‑art reviews and recent papers give the best window into which lab ideas are closest to translation.. (sciencedirect.com)

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