Browsers don't do everything exactly the same and they aren't all as strict in enforcing the rules. Generally speaking, if you follow the rules and code your html and css properly, then all of the browsers, except for Internet Explorer should display something very similar. Internet Explorer is often the exception. Sometimes you can find a solution that works in IE and all of the other browsers but sometimes you need special code for IE. If you do a search, you can find more info on that.
Web pages are displayed on screens of all different sizes. If you display your web page in a window (rather than full screen) and you vary the size of the window, you can see the impact of making the page different sizes. Web pages can be a fixed size and left adjusted or centered. They can also expand and contract based on the size of the screen /window. Whatever you do, it's a compromise. The only thing that doesn't work well is when the page is larger than the width of the screen so the user has to scroll horizontally to see all of the content.
You can protect the directory on the server so the list of modules can't be viewed. Users can execute your PHP modules but they can't view them. You would still be better off putting the ID and password in a config file that is included in your program and the variables inserted into your connect …